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Insects > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what kingdom are insects in?

A

animalia

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2
Q

What phylum are insects in?

A

arthropoda

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3
Q

what are the features of arthropods? (6)

A

jointed legs

segmented bodies

external skeleton

ventral nerve cord

dorsal heart

bilateral symmetry

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4
Q

what class are insects in?

A

insecta

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5
Q

what classifies the organisms included in the insecta class?

A

include all the arthropod characteristics

&

3 body regions: head, thorax & abdomen

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6
Q

how many body regions does an insect have? & what are the body regions?

A

3

head, thorax & abdomen

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7
Q

what are the features of the head?

A

1 pair of antennae

include: eyes, mouth etc.

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8
Q

where are the antennae located on an insect?

A

head

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9
Q

what are the features of the thorax?

A

middle body part

3 pairs of legs

0-2 pairs of wings (in adults)

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10
Q

where are the legs located on an insect?

A

thorax

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11
Q

where are the wings located on an insect?

A

thorax

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12
Q

what are the features of the abdomen?

A

reproductive organs, digestive sys etc.

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13
Q

what are the ways that the mouthparts acquire nutrition?

A

chewing

sucking

sponging

or a combo

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14
Q

what type of organisms use their mouthparts for chewing?

A

grasshoppers

caterpillars

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15
Q

labrum

A

mouthpart for chewing - upper lip

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16
Q

mandibles

A

mouthpart for chewing - jaws & teeth (cut & chew)

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17
Q

labium

A

mouthpart for chewing - lower lip (back of mouth)

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18
Q

what are the mouthparts used for chewing in insects?

A

labrum

mandibles

labium

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19
Q

which parts of the mouth are used for keeping the food inside the mouth?

A

labrum & labium

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20
Q

what type of insect has long & coiled mouthparts for sucking?

A

butterflies

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21
Q

what type of insect has stiff mouthparts for sucking?

A

mosquito

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22
Q

what type of insects suck?

A

butterflies

mosquitos (& pierce)

bed bugs (& pierce)

aphids (& pierce)

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23
Q

what insects use sponging?

A

house flies, most common in flies

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24
Q

describe the process of sponging in insects?

A

funnel liquid into mouth - the fleshy parts fold back, scrape at the surface to acquire liquid

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25
Q

what is the common diet for insects that use sponging?

A

liquid

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26
Q

describe how horseflies acquire their food?

A

cut at the surface of the skin to have the blood come up & then sponge

cut & sponge

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27
Q

how to insects get through a membrane to acquire their food?

A

piercing & sucking

28
Q

what type of insects cut & sponge for their food?

A

bees, horseflies

29
Q

what type of insect have large mandibles?

A

bees

30
Q

what type of insect has large & curved mandibles?

A

tiger beetles

31
Q

compound eyes

A

2 large eyes

fixed focal length (lens’ doesn’t change, can’t focus)

sensitive to motion

shapes

colours

32
Q

what type of light can compound eyes see?

A

UV & polarized

33
Q

ommatidia

A

units & little pieces that make up the compound eyes

photoreceptor cells

34
Q

how do ommatidia work?

A

all of the indiv lenses see the same image many times, but all of these images are processed at the same place –> the brain where it puts together 1 image

35
Q

how do the compound eyes control light that they encounter?

A

with pigmentation - they don’t have an iris to control

36
Q

what type of insects typically use pigmentation to control incoming light?

A

predatory insects ex: dragonflies

37
Q

what insects have almost 360 vision?

A

dragonflies

38
Q

what is significant about the compound eyes of a stalk eye fly?

A

eyes are very far apart

sexual characteristic (more spread out, the more attractive to the female)

39
Q

simple eyes (ocelli)

A

usually more than 1

exist in combination with compound eyes

can detect the change in light intensity allowing insects to see shadows, movement etc.

role in orientation

can see colour & shape

40
Q

what components of an insect are found on the head?

A

mouthparts

eyes

antennae

41
Q

what is the role of antennae? (5)

A

motion

smell

balance - orientate themselves in space

touch - social, communication (recognize each other)

vibration (sound)

42
Q

what is characteristic about male antennae?

A

feathery - enables them to smell females

43
Q

what ornamentation do insects have on stubby antennae to increase SA?

A

lamellae (extensions)

44
Q

from bottom to top, identify the parts of the antenna

A

bottom/base - scape

middle - pedicel

top/tip - flagellomere (can have multiple)

45
Q

what insect has multiple flagellomeres?

A

queen bees

46
Q

what are the 3 segments of the thorax?

A

prothorax

mesothorax

metathorax

47
Q

describe the arrangement of the legs on an insect

A

1 pair of legs per segment on the thorax

each segment of the thorax has a pair of legs

48
Q

what is the role of the thorax?

A

power center (locomotion)

49
Q

what attaches to the thorax & how many pairs?

A

legs (1 pair per segment)

wings (0, 1 or 2 pairs)

50
Q

where do the wings attach on the thorax?

A

mesothorax &/or metathorax

NEVER prothorax

51
Q

spiracles

A

holes for respiration - air goes in, provides muscles with air

exist on each segment of the thorax

52
Q

from the thorax to the end of the leg, list the parts of the leg

A

1 - coxa (thorax - leg)

2 - trochanter

3 - femur

4 - tibia

5 - tarsus

6-claw

53
Q

coxa

A

leg - thorax

connects legs to the body

54
Q

trochanter

A

leg joint

articulates coxa

connected to the femur

55
Q

femur

A

long part of the leg

56
Q

tarsus

A

foot part

57
Q

claw

A

end of the foot part

all insects end with a claw

58
Q

what are the modifications of the legs of insects? (7)

A

swimming - water beetle

catch - praying mantis

digging - mole crickets, live in the ground & make tunnels

speed - long & specialized for running

jumping - grasshoppers & flees

gliding (on water) - unable to walk on land, ex: water striders

ears on legs - tympanum, ex: Tettigoniidae (bush crickets)

59
Q

tympanum

A

ears

60
Q

how do the wings of insects vary?

A

number of pairs

connected or disconnected etc.

sometimes no wings at all

61
Q

what insects have coloured scales on their wings?

A

butterflies & moths

62
Q

describe the wings of beetles

A

hard wings on top & flexible wings underneath for flying

the hard ones open up when flying

63
Q

what does the abdomen contain externally? (5)

A

spiracles - air

ovipositors/copulatory structures - deposit eggs

setae (hairs)

cerci - appendages

ears (tympanum)

64
Q

what does the abdomen contain internally? (3)

A

reproductive organs

digestion & excretion

food reserves - fat body (store food & E)

65
Q

describe the abdomen of a wasp

A

elongated

66
Q

describe the abdomen of a dragonfly

A

long

Insects (33 decks)

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