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Insects > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we quantify insect dominance? (5)

A

Insect diversity

Numerical dominance

Distribution

Reproduction

Attributes making them successful

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2
Q

____ of all species are insects

A

53%

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3
Q

____ of described animal species are insects

A

73%

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4
Q

there are _____ described insect species

A

1 million

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5
Q

up to ____ of insect species may still be undescribed

A

95%

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6
Q

1/4 of animal species are ____

A

beetles

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7
Q

there are ____ species of Rove beetles, a single beetle ____

A

61,000

family

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8
Q

what family of insects is the most diverse?

A

rove beetles

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9
Q

estimates of the total number of insect species range b/w _____

A

1-4 million

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10
Q

at any time, there are an estimated _____ insects alive

A

10 quintillion

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11
Q

there are _____ insects for each human on the planet

A

~200 million

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12
Q

there are ____ ants for each human on the planet

A

~1.6 million

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13
Q

a single swarm of migratory locusts can contain ____ indivs (Africa)

A

1 billion

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14
Q

in the Brazilian rainforest, there’s ____ times more insect biomass than vertebrate biomass

A

9

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15
Q

There are at least ____ species of insects in Manitoba

A

10,000

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16
Q

there is at least ___ species of insect for each vertebrate species in Manitoba

A

40

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17
Q

what is the only major envr not dominated by insects? & why?

A

open ocean

the niche is filled by ither Arthropods

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18
Q

how does reproduction contribute to the dominance of insects?

A

they have a rapid reproductive time & for many insects, it is exponential

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19
Q

describe the reproduction process for aphids

A

in the summer, all aphids are females

they clone themselves to reproduce

after 8-9 days of age, the offspring have reached the adult stage & can reproduce themselves

rapid pop growth!!

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20
Q

what is the origin of insect lineages?

A

400-420 million years ago (before plants, angiosperms & gymnosperms)

near to when terrestrial habitats formed

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21
Q

What are the attributes that contribute to an insect’s success?

A

long evolutionary history

small size

exoskeleton

flight

reproductive capabilities

22
Q

how does small size contribute to an insect’s success?

A

enables them to use a broader range of ecological niches

23
Q

how does having an exoskeleton contribute to an insect’s success?

A

water-resistant - enabling them to survive a wide range of envrs

24
Q

how does flight contribute to an insect’s success?

A

contributes to diversity b/c insects can use many diff habitats

25
Q

how do humans utilize insects’ decomposition role in the envr?

A

for forensic investigations

26
Q

the role of pollination is important in what type of ecosystems?

A

agricultural & natural

27
Q

what percent of wildflowers are pollinated by animals (including insects)?

A

80%

28
Q

insects form the base of animal food webs in what type of ecosystems?

A

terrestrial & freshwater aquatic

29
Q

insects as herbivores do what?

A

provide food for higher trophic levels

represent a critical link b/w primary & secondary production

30
Q

insects are consumed by every vertebrate group except for:

A

lamprey - parasites of fish

31
Q

what source of nutrition do insects provide to humans?

A

fat & PRO

32
Q

what are the 2 types of insects that naturally control of pests?

A

predators

&

parasitoids

33
Q

what are exs of predatory insects

A

dragonflies - both as juveniles (aquatic) & adults (terrestrial)

robber flies

lady beetles - feed on eggs of insects (including aphids)

34
Q

parasitoids

A

lay eggs into or onto insects & the developing larva kills the host inside out

35
Q

what are exs of parasitoids?

A

scaphinoitois - feed on snails

wasp

flies

36
Q

natural enemies

A

insect predators and/or parasitoids that control pests

37
Q

what are the natural products insects produce that humans have utilized? (5)

A

silk

honey

beeswax

dyes

shellac

38
Q

what countries produce silk

A

China & East Asia

39
Q

what type of insects produce silk?

A

domesticated silkworm moths

40
Q

how have the silkworm moths changed as a consequence of being used for silk production?

A

female moths no longer fly - wings have degenerated due to bein kept in captivity

41
Q

what part of the silkworm moth is used for its silk?

A

the pupil case from the caterpillar

42
Q

what insects produce honey?

A

honey bees

43
Q

what insects produce beeswax?

A

honey bees

44
Q

what type of dye is predominantly made from insects?

A

red dye

45
Q

what part of the insect is used for shellac?

A

insects produce a protective & sticky coating over their bodies which is used

46
Q

what type of insect is used for shellac glue?

A

scale insect

47
Q

why are insects beneficial in research?

A

small

easy to maintain

high reproductive rates

48
Q

how are insects used in research?

A

bioindicators of ecosystem health & envr toxicology

fundamental & applied ecology

models in research on evolution, genetics & physiology

49
Q

what percent of insect species are considered pests?

A

1%

50
Q

what percent of insect species are considered serious pests?

A

0.1%

51
Q

insects are considered pests if they:

A

nuisances of humans, pets or livestock

damage crops, forests or human commodities (feed on things of economic value)

transmit disease to humans, pets, livestock or wildlife (insects as vectors)

Insects (33 decks)

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