Lecture 3

Question 1

How do we quantify insect dominance? (5)

Answer 1

Insect diversity

Numerical dominance

Distribution

Reproduction

Attributes making them successful

Question 2

____ of all species are insects

Answer 2

53%

Question 3

____ of described animal species are insects

Answer 3

73%

Question 4

there are _____ described insect species

Answer 4

1 million

Question 5

up to ____ of insect species may still be undescribed

Answer 5

95%

Question 6

1/4 of animal species are ____

Answer 6

beetles

Question 7

there are ____ species of Rove beetles, a single beetle ____

Answer 7

61,000

family

Question 8

what family of insects is the most diverse?

Answer 8

rove beetles

Question 9

estimates of the total number of insect species range b/w _____

Answer 9

1-4 million

Question 10

at any time, there are an estimated _____ insects alive

Answer 10

10 quintillion

Question 11

there are _____ insects for each human on the planet

Answer 11

~200 million

Question 12

there are ____ ants for each human on the planet

Answer 12

~1.6 million

Question 13

a single swarm of migratory locusts can contain ____ indivs (Africa)

Answer 13

1 billion

Question 14

in the Brazilian rainforest, there’s ____ times more insect biomass than vertebrate biomass

Answer 14

9

Question 15

There are at least ____ species of insects in Manitoba

Answer 15

10,000

Question 16

there is at least ___ species of insect for each vertebrate species in Manitoba

Answer 16

40

Question 17

what is the only major envr not dominated by insects? & why?

Answer 17

open ocean

the niche is filled by ither Arthropods

Question 18

how does reproduction contribute to the dominance of insects?

Answer 18

they have a rapid reproductive time & for many insects, it is exponential

Question 19

describe the reproduction process for aphids

Answer 19

in the summer, all aphids are females

they clone themselves to reproduce

after 8-9 days of age, the offspring have reached the adult stage & can reproduce themselves

rapid pop growth!!

Question 20

what is the origin of insect lineages?

Answer 20

400-420 million years ago (before plants, angiosperms & gymnosperms)

near to when terrestrial habitats formed

Question 21

What are the attributes that contribute to an insect’s success?

Answer 21

long evolutionary history

small size

exoskeleton

flight

reproductive capabilities

Question 22

how does small size contribute to an insect’s success?

Answer 22

enables them to use a broader range of ecological niches

Question 23

how does having an exoskeleton contribute to an insect’s success?

Answer 23

water-resistant - enabling them to survive a wide range of envrs

Question 24

how does flight contribute to an insect’s success?

Answer 24

contributes to diversity b/c insects can use many diff habitats

Question 25

how do humans utilize insects' decomposition role in the envr?

Answer 25

for forensic investigations

Question 26

the role of pollination is important in what type of ecosystems?

Answer 26

agricultural & natural

Question 27

what percent of wildflowers are pollinated by animals (including insects)?

Answer 27

80%

Question 28

insects form the base of animal food webs in what type of ecosystems?

Answer 28

terrestrial & freshwater aquatic

Question 29

insects as herbivores do what?

Answer 29

provide food for higher trophic levels represent a critical link b/w primary & secondary production

Question 30

insects are consumed by every vertebrate group except for:

Answer 30

lamprey - parasites of fish

Question 31

what source of nutrition do insects provide to humans?

Answer 31

fat & PRO

Question 32

what are the 2 types of insects that naturally control of pests?

Answer 32

predators & parasitoids

Question 33

what are exs of predatory insects

Answer 33

dragonflies - both as juveniles (aquatic) & adults (terrestrial) robber flies lady beetles - feed on eggs of insects (including aphids)

Question 34

parasitoids

Answer 34

lay eggs into or onto insects & the developing larva kills the host inside out

Question 35

what are exs of parasitoids?

Answer 35

scaphinoitois - feed on snails wasp flies

Question 36

natural enemies

Answer 36

insect predators and/or parasitoids that control pests

Question 37

what are the natural products insects produce that humans have utilized? (5)

Answer 37

silk honey beeswax dyes shellac

Question 38

what countries produce silk

Answer 38

China & East Asia

Question 39

what type of insects produce silk?

Answer 39

domesticated silkworm moths

Question 40

how have the silkworm moths changed as a consequence of being used for silk production?

Answer 40

female moths no longer fly - wings have degenerated due to bein kept in captivity

Question 41

what part of the silkworm moth is used for its silk?

Answer 41

the pupil case from the caterpillar

Question 42

what insects produce honey?

Answer 42

honey bees

Question 43

what insects produce beeswax?

Answer 43

honey bees

Question 44

what type of dye is predominantly made from insects?

Answer 44

red dye

Question 45

what part of the insect is used for shellac?

Answer 45

insects produce a protective & sticky coating over their bodies which is used

Question 46

what type of insect is used for shellac glue?

Answer 46

scale insect

Question 47

why are insects beneficial in research?

Answer 47

small easy to maintain high reproductive rates

Question 48

how are insects used in research?

Answer 48

bioindicators of ecosystem health & envr toxicology fundamental & applied ecology models in research on evolution, genetics & physiology

Question 49

what percent of insect species are considered pests?

Answer 49

1%

Question 50

what percent of insect species are considered serious pests?

Answer 50

0.1%

Question 51

insects are considered pests if they:

Answer 51

nuisances of humans, pets or livestock damage crops, forests or human commodities (feed on things of economic value) transmit disease to humans, pets, livestock or wildlife (insects as vectors)