Lecture 24 Flashcards
pest
An organism that interferes with human interests
damaging crops or commodities
direct pest
eat leaves or what we want
indirect pest
reduce esthetic quality
how do you define a pest in a home?
depends on the point of view of the indiv
what is an ex of a spp that is seen both as a pest & beneficial depending on the point-of-view?
Yellow meal worms
In our cereal, they are pests
As food for our pet frog, lizard or tarantula, they are important
When we use them to study the impact of insecticides, they are beneficial
the study of the Proportional Diversity of Arthropods in Homes sampled how many homes?
50
the study of the Proportional Diversity of Arthropods in Homes found ______ of arthropods were flies
1/3
the study of the Proportional Diversity of Arthropods in Homes found ______% were spiders
20%
the study of the Proportional Diversity of Arthropods in Homes _______% were beetles
16%
in the study of the Proportional Diversity of Arthropods in Homes, how many insect spp were in a home on average?
93
what are the types of pests found in homes?
Stored products pests
Assoc with food or natural fabrics
Structural pests
Damaging to building structure
Ectoparasites
Assoc with humans or their pests
Nuisance/health hazard pests
Unpleasant, can transmit disease
Seasonal invaders
Come in to spend winter
Beneficial arthropods - eat other pests
what pests enter in food?
flour & grain beetles
indian meal moths
what pests are assoc with cereal & grains?
indian meal moths
flour & grain beetles
how do you know if you indian meal moths are present?
Webbing characteristic – on the surface of where they’re living
do indian meal moths fly?
weakly
what pests are banded as adults?
Carpet beetles & Larder beetles
what pests are hairy as larvae?
Carpet beetles & Larder beetles
what do Carpet beetles & Larder beetles feed on as larvae?
feed on fats, PROs, hair & skin from:
Leather, wool
Old meat
when do Carpet beetles & Larder beetles enter the food?
spring or early summer
can enter from the outside
which pests were found in every house in the Proportional Diversity of Arthropods in Homes study?
Carpet beetles & Larder beetles
Fungus gnats & gall midges
how long are flour & grain beetles?
2-4 mm long
how long are clothes moths?
6-10mm long
describe the larval stage of clothes moths
White larvae; one species case-bearing
what do clothes moths feed on?
Feed on hair, fur, wool & feathers –> anything from animals
where do the adults of clothes moths reside?
dark, undisturbed places
how do you deal with stored product pests?
prevent entry
prevent cross-contamination
vacuum & move things around
how do you prevent entry of store product pests?
Examine human & pet food brought into the house
Freeze food likely to contain pests
Isolate pet & wild-bird food
how do you prevent cross-contamination of stored product pests?
Keep food in sealed insect-proof containers
Empty containers before refilling
Clean up spills of vulnerable food
describe the appearance of carpenter ants
o Black or brown ants ~12 mm long
do carpenter ants eat wood?
no
where do carpenter ants nest?
rotten wood
what does decaying wood in an older building indicate?
presence of carpenter ants
where are carpenter ants commonly found?
outside, in tree stumps etc.
what pests are parallel-sided?
powder post beetles
how are powder pest beetles transported?
ininfested wood
what do powder post beetles create in their habitat? (3)
Tooth-pick size holes in wood furniture or structural timber
fine saw dust from the holes
make galleries
what are the stored product pests?
flour & grain beetles
indian meal moths
carpet beetles & larder beetles
clothes moths
what are the structural pests?
carpenter ants & powder post beetles
how do you deal with structural pests?
prevent/discourage entry
baits & traps
how do you prevent/discourage entry of structural pests?
Don’t transport infested wood or furniture
Powder post beetles
Remove rotting wood from buildings
Carpenter ants – indicator of rotten wood
Stack firewood off the ground & away from buildings
when dealing with structural pests baits & traps are used the most for what pests?
carpenter ants
how long are cockroaches?
1-4cm long
where do cockroaches like to reside?
warm dark places
sewers
wall spaces
describe the diet of a cockroach
Favour PRO & fat but will eat most things
do cockroaches fly?
rarely
how does someone get cockroaches?
Enter in infested items or from adjacent apartments
how do house flies & allies enter a house?
through windows, doors etc.
where do the larvae of house flies & allies grow?
manure & garbage
what pests are excellent transmitters of disease organisms?
house flies & allies
where do the larvae of fruit flies (vinegar flies) develop?
on decaying fruits or vegetables
how do fruit flies enter a house?
Enter on food (usually as eggs)
describe the appearance of ants (3)
Narrow waisted
mostly not winged
1-12 mm long
describe the foraging trails of ants
attracted to sugars
Trail from nest to food source
Leave pheromone trail, all others follow
where do ants nest?
inside a house structure or out
what do fungus gnats & gall midges feed on?
plant roots & fungus
what type of envr do fungus gnats & gall midges like?
moist soil
how do fungus gnats & gall midges enter a home?
come in plants
where do the moth fly (or drain fly) larvae situate?
live in drains
what type of envr do silverfish & firebrats life?
most & hot envrs
what do silverfish & firebrats feed on?
glue, ex: book bindings, paper etc.
how do you deal with nuisance pests?
prevent/discourage entry
what are the nuisance pests? (7)
silverfish & firebrats
moth flies (drain flies)
fungus gnats & gall midges
ants
fruit flies (vinegar flies)
house flies or allies
cockroaches
How do you prevent/discourage entry of nuisance pests?
Maintain window screens, seal wall cracks
Avoid bringing in infested items
Cockroaches
Manage outside sources
Ant nests, garbage management for flies
Don’t leave food or food waste exposed
Reduce water source availability in the house
Cockroaches
how do you prevent/discourage entry of cockroaches?
Avoid bringing in infested items
Reduce water source availability in the house
How do you control infestations? (4)
Traps
Vacuuming
Diatomaceous earth
Insecticides
Baits
Space sprays
Residual sprays
what insects should traps be used for when controlling an infestation?
cockroaches, flies, ants
what insects should vacuuming be used for when controlling an infestation?
cockroaches, ants, beetles, moths
what insects should diatomaceous earth be used for when controlling an infestation?
cockroaches & ants
what insects should baits be used for when controlling an infestation?
ants, cockroaches
what insects should space sprays be used for when controlling an infestation?
flies
what are 2 insect invaders?
cluster flies
multicoloured asian ladybeetle
where do multicoloured asian ladybeetles overwinter? & why?
congregate in buildings in the fall
in their native habitat, they fly to cliffs & mountains to overwinter
Since the prairies don’t have these, they go to the tallest structures that they can find which are buildings
how do multicoloured asian ladybeetles respond to threats?
bleed
where & how do cluster flies overwinter?
attics
aggregate in large clusters
how do cluster flies know when winter is over? where do they go?
When light comes in or weather warms up they will leave
No one knows where they go
sow bugs/ pill bugs are pest found where?
in gardens, sometimes homes
how do sow bugs/ pill bugs enter homes?
Windows left open; coming up laundry room drain
how do you prevent sow bugs/ pill bugs from entering your home?
Place window screen over basement drain
