Lecture 5 (Hepatic Portal, Fetal and Lymphatic Circulation)

Question 1

Hepatic Portal Circulation

Answer 1

Carries nutrients from the stomach and intestines to the liver for completion of digestion

Question 2

Hepatic Veins

Answer 2

NOT RELATED TO PORTAL CIRCULATION

Drain the liver to the inferior vena cava

Question 3

Hepatic Portal veins

Answer 3

1. Superior Mesenteric Vein (Drain small intestine and 2/3rds of the colon)
2. Inferior Mesenteric vein (Drains rest of colon and rectum
3. Splenic Vein (Drains the spleen, stomach and pancreas

Question 4

The Spleen

Answer 4

Checks ages of red blood cells, takes out the old ones, recycles iron and protein
Removed: Liver takes over
Splenic Blood: if punctured by a broken rib, you will bleed out rapidly

Question 5

Hematogenous spread of cancer

Answer 5

Cancer transported by the blood, metastisis by the blood
Heaptic portal veins can do this
Pancreatic cancer -> move into the liver
Colon cancer -> mesenteric veins -> go to the liver

Question 6

5 specializations of the unborn child

Answer 6

1. Umbilical veins (Oxygenated blood from placenta)
2. Ductus veinosis: In the lover brings blood to the inferior vena cava
3. Foramen (opening) Ovale: Sends blood to right atrium to the left atrium
4. Ductus Arterious: Skips the pulmonary trunk and sends blood to the aorta
5. Two Umbilical veins: starts at the internal iliac arteries, have very little oxygen and are waste, send out to the placenta for waste removal

Question 7

5 events following birth

Answer 7

1. Ductus arteriosus contracts: Plumonary trunk blood circulates to lungs (Ligamentum arteriosum)
2. Foramen Ovale: closes within 1 year = fossa ovalis
3. Umbilical Vein: forms the ligamentum teres
4. Ductus Vensosus: froms the ligamentun Venosum
5. Umbilical arteries: Form umbilical ligaments

Question 8

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Answer 8

Patent (open) foramen ovale
Hole in the wall
blood travels back and forth btw R. atrium and L. atrium

Question 9

Ventrical Septal defect

Answer 9

Improper heart formation
Extremely bab cannot be repaired
Most babies die, born blue

Question 10

ASD Fix

Answer 10

path over the hole, larger than the hole (because of growth as a kid and in adol.)
Put on the left side has much more pressure keeping the patch in place

Question 11

Lymphatic Circulation

Answer 11

Lymph capillaries collect excess tissue fluid -> lymphatic veins -> through lymph nodes -> r lymphatic duct (upper body, right head and neck right thorax -> thoracic lymphatic duct (drains remainder of body) -> internal jugular/ subclavian veins

Question 12

Lymph Nodes

Answer 12

Responds to infection
Trying to break it down
First line of defense is neutrophils
Lymphocytes are next

Question 13

Cancers

Answer 13

Abnormal cell division
lymph nodes do not react to cancer because the cell is not foreign
Cancer passes through lymph nodes

Question 14

Lymph Node inspection

Answer 14

Lymph node adjacent to the tumor is inspected
If it’s in the lymph then we know it has spread
Lymphatic Metastasis

Question 15

Breast Cancer

Answer 15

May enter into the axillary lymph N. may enter other nodes

Question 16

Sentinel Node

Answer 16

First to receive the lumph

Checked for cancer from a tumor

Question 17

Lymph Edema

Answer 17

Swollen lumb when lymph backs up in limb when lymph is removed (from cancer)
Last several years.