Lecture 3 (Blood cells, vessels and the heart) Flashcards
Red Blood Cells
RBCs
Suspended in plasma
Made in the bone marrorw
Start with a nucleus it’s shed for the hemoglobin molecules
120 days takes for blood cells to circulate the body
Anemia’s
Abnormalities of RBCs
Iron defecency = insufficent concumption of iron
Bleed internall, not enough blood cells
Sickle Cell anemia
Hemoglobin - S cause this
Inherited genetic disorder
Causes the RBCs to look like C shaped structure, and thus clump together (sickle)
Blood flow is blocked causeing pain in areas where it happens
Increases risk of stroke
Transfusion of blood will fulsh the body (Only temporary)
Blood Clots
RBCs sticking to plateletes Clots in arteries = Stroke bloods clots in veins can travel to lung and brain Asprin dissolve blood clots Too much asprin = More bleeding
Clotting disorders
Hemophilias
Constant bleeding
Genetic disorder
Leukocytes
White blood cells (WBCs)
- neutrophils
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Are the most common in the blood
First defense from bacteria,
neutral in color
Basophils
Blue cells
1. Hemperin: Dissovle blood clots, platelets break
2. Histamin: alergic reaction, running nose, tearings of eyes
Anti histamine cause basophil to stop producing compounds
Eosinophils
Red Cells
Hay fever and pollen incrs these cells
React to parasites (Do not kill worms)
Agranulocytes
Cells without granuels in the cytoplasm
Monocytes and Lymphocytes
Monocyctes
Pail blue cytoplasm
Deal with dead and dying cells
Monocytes in lungs deal with junk in the lung
Vaccum cleaner
Lymphocytes
Slightly bigger than red blood cells Dark blue cells Anti-bodies basis of immunization Vaccination = fooling lymphocytes into thinking you have the \_\_\_\_\_
Mononeucleosis
Disease of monocytes (ORIGINALLY THOUGHT)
Disease of lymphocytes that had the disease
Leukimia’s
Cancer of the bone marrows
Abnormal white blood cells are realsed
Acute leukmia
Common quickly and very servere
Chronic leukmia
Slow symptoms diagnosed in years
4 blood types
Proteins on the red blood cells were diff for diff ppl O = none, universal donor A = first protein discovered B = 2nd protein AB = Universal recepient
Rh Factor
Pos. or neg.
Rh protein + = have - = dont have
Rhesus protein found originally in monkeys
The heart
Muscular Pump Made of cardiac Tissue New borns have a hug heart 4 week = heart beat Birth = use Lungs 1st year after birth = heart doubles in weight Adol: heart grows bigger again 2,000 gallons of blood a day is pumped
Hear orintation
Mostly on the left side because the right side rotates during 4 weeks into development
RIght = Front, Left = back side
Pericardum
Covers the heart
Heart beat without friction
Pericarditisis
Bacterial infection of the pericardium
Fluid fills the sack and squeezes the hear = extreme chest pain
Left ventricle
Thick wall, does most the work
Coronary Heart disease
Plaque in the artery cuts off blood supply to the heart
Arteriosclerosis
Is a normal part of aging
Heart disease (Statistic)
Lead cause of dropping dead 95% of cases
Coronary Veins
NEVER develop any pathology
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain Left upper limb The jaw Heart tissue dies Women exp nausea and vomiting
Myocardial infarction
“Heart muscle” “interupted blood supply”
Heart attack
Rheumatic Fever
May cause damage to the heart
infection of the heart.
Vagas Nerver
Parasympathetic
Slows heart rate down
Sympathetic Nerves
Increases heart rate
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heart rate
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow heart rate
