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Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 2 (Embryology, cells, and Skin) > Flashcards

Lecture 2 (Embryology, cells, and Skin) Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy Types

A 
Anatomy: "to cut apart"
Gross: body or organs with naked eye
Microscopic
Development: embryology
Pathological: Abnormalities
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2
Q

Major organ systems (11)

A

Organs are made of tissues which are made of cells

  1. Integument
  2. skeletal
  3. articulations (joints)
  4. muscular
  5. circulatory
  6. respiratory
  7. digestive
  8. urinary
  9. nervous (sense organs)
  10. endocrine
  11. Reproudctive
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3
Q

Integument

A

Skin, hair, nails

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4
Q

Skeletal

A

Bones and cartilage

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5
Q

Circulatory

A

Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins

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6
Q

Respiratory

A

Nose, larynx, lungs

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7
Q

Digestive

A

Mouth, pharynx, intestines, glands of this system

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8
Q

Urinary

A

Kidney, bladder

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9
Q

Nervous system

A 
Senses, taste and smell, perception, 
sense organs (eye, ear, smell, taste, pain, temperature, and proprioception)
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10
Q

Endocrine

A

hormones

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11
Q

Reproductive

A

Male and female

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12
Q

Articulation

A

Joints and Ligaments

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13
Q

3 primary germ layers

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. mesoderm
  3. endoderm
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14
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outer most layer of skin
Cells divide very rapidly and make many functions
Brain and spinal column are also made from this (entire nervous system)

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15
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer of skin

Muscles that attach to bones, the bones, the heart, blood vessels, kidney

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16
Q

Endoderm

A

Innermost layer

Respiratory system, digestive and it’s gland

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17
Q

Cells

A

Some cells have no nucleus (Blood cells)
marrow, contain many nuclei
Nuclei can have diff shapes (help with ID)

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18
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Helps with neutralizing of poisons

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19
Q

Mitochondria

A

Production of ATP, Especially in cells that contract

20
Q

Microvilli

A

Cilia that are really small

21
Q

Flagella

A

The long tail of sperm

22
Q

Pigment

A

Melanin: absence of pigment (Blue eyes = see the blood vessels)

23
Q

Tumors

A

Cluster of cells that grow rapidly (abnormal)

24
Q

Benign

A

grows slowly, not dangerous, maybe a little painful (very common)

25
Q

Malignant

A

May break off the tumor and travel (metastasis)

26
Q

Integument (Skin) system

A

Largest organ, heaviest (7% of body weight)
Protects against: UV, environment, bacteria
Regulates body temperature

27
Q

Exretion

A

Sweat out the excess salt or alcohol

Glands in the female breast are modified sweat glands (Breast milk = modified sweat)

28
Q

Vitamin D

A

Sun exposure = metabolism, growth of bones, in children

29
Q

Thin skin

A

Hair, most of the body is covered

30
Q

Thick skin

A

No hair, soles and palms

31
Q

Sebum

A

Hair oil, from the sebaceous gland
Too much = acne
Water helps dilute this

32
Q

Sweat glands (Specialized versions)

A

Ear: wax
Breast: milk

33
Q

Meisner’s Touch receptors

A

Nerve endings in the hand
Deal with delicate touch
Palm and fingers have a lot
A lot in your face

34
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Pressure receptors: Vibration and deep pressure
Numerous in the sole of the feet
Used in learning to walk
abundant in the hand

35
Q

Melanocycte

A

Melanin containing cells
We all have the same number of cells
Skin color: how much pigment you have/ white = less pigment not less melanocytes

36
Q

Tattoos

A 
Subcutaneous epidermis (fat layer) is penetrated
Keeps the pigment there longer
37
Q

Skin Cancer

A

Most common form of cancer (1/3 of all cancer)

98% is curable

38
Q

3 forms of skin cancer

A
  1. Squamous cell cacerinoma
  2. Basil Cell
  3. Melanoma
39
Q

Squamis cell carcerinoma

A

Cancer, flkay cell, epidermis
treatable
Doesnt not metastasize

40
Q

Basil Cell

A

Base of the epidermis, Roundish, Doesnt break the base membrane
Treatable
Doesnt Metastasize

41
Q

Melanonma

A

Least treatable
Melanocytes are cancerous
Cells divide very rapidly, they metastasize very quickly
Least common

42
Q

ABCDE’s of Melanoma

A 
A: Asymmetry (Not round circle)
B: borders, not smooth are irregular
C: colors, various colors
D: diameter, eraser of a pencil (bigger might be melanoma 
E: evolving, ever changing and growing
43
Q

Burns

A

Thermal: Excessive heat
Electrical: hot electrical wire, lightning
Chemical: strong acids and bases
Inhalation: breath in things that are dangerous
Friction Burns: rope burns
Radiation: explosions, atomic (radioactive)

44
Q

1st degree burn

A

Only top layer of epidermis,

Sun burns

45
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Through epidermis

Fluid rushes in, blisters form

46
Q

3rd degree

A

Epidermis and demis is destroyed, nerves as well,
No sensation, painless
Full thickness burn
Require skin graphs

47
Q

4th degree

A

All epi and dermis, down to deep tissue
Muscle, ligament and bones
Amputation is required

Anatomy Exam 1 (32 decks)

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