Lecture 4 and 5: Control of Microorganisms (Sterilization and Disinfection) Flashcards
____: The absolute killing or removal of all microorganisms, including: BACTERIAL SPORES, on inanimate objects
a. Sterilization
b. Disinfection
c. Sanitation
a. Sterilization
Autoclave can allow for:
a. Sterilization
b. Disinfection
c. Sanitation
a. Sterilization
True or False: Sterilization destroys all bacterial products (e.g LPS/Endotoxin)
False - sterilization does NOT destroy all bacterial products
True or False: Sterility does not necessarily remove or destroy microbial products
True
True or False: -cidal is irreversible killer or killing while -static causes halted growth
True
True or False: In -static agents, growth is halted, but when the agent is removed, microorganisms can grow
True
True or False: Absence of growth does not necessarily mean sterility
True
____: The killing of many but not all microorganisms. A reduction in bioburden appropriate for specified use of a substance, product, surface
A. Sanitization
B. Sterilization
C. Disinfection
C. Disinfection
Bleach, phenol, and boiling are examples are:
A. Sanitizations
B. Sterilizations
C. Disinfectants
C. Disinfectants
For adequate disinfection, all ___ pathogens must be killed (except for ____)
vegetative; endospores
True or False: Some disinfectants can be toxic to human tissues and should only be used on inanimate objects
True
Which disinfectant level is effective against most or all pathogens, but not large number of spores?
A. Intermediate
B. Low
C. High
C. High
Which disinfectant level is effective against mycobacteria and other vegetative spores, as well as most viruses and fungi, but NOT bacterial/fungal spores?
A. Intermediate
B. Low
C. High
A. Intermediate
Which disinfectant level is effective against most vegetative bacteria, enveloped viruses, and some fungi but NOT mycobacterial or spores?
A. High level
B. Intermediate level
C. Low level
C. Low level
True or False: Disinfectant is only static
False - disinfectant could be cidal or static
____: clean and no pathogens, but NOT complete disinfection and does not imply sterilization
Sanitization
___: Use of heat at a temperature sufficient to kill important pathogens in liquids – usually followed by rapid chilling
Pasteurization
True or False: In pasteurization, spores are killed and a liquid is sterilized
False
- not sterilized (some microbes are present still)
- spores are not killed
True or False: Pasteurization is sterilization.
False - it is NOT sterilization - it is disinfection or preservation
____: Chemicals used to kill microorganisms on surface of skin/mucous membranes (e.g hand sanitizer)
Antiseptic
_____: procedure that involves the destruction or removal or contaminants
Decontamination
Strongest degree of killing is ____, while weakest degree is ____
strongest = sterilization
weakest = antispetic
True or False: Sterilization kills everything in addition to spores
True
Which type of bacteria is a standard in disinfection?
mycobacteria
True or False: Infectious diseases, spoilage, contamination, is often determined by numbers of microorganims present
True
What two factors affect killing of microorganisms?
1) Application time
2) Number of organisms
Generally, is more/less application time better?
More
Generally, if the concentration of the agent is increased, the length of time needed to kill the organisms will decreased. ____ is the exception.
Alcohol
If ___ is diluted by 1/2, kill time increases by 64x
Phenol
For every 10 Celcius increase in temperature, chemical activity doubles while killing and inhibition time ___
decreases
True or False: Chlorine activity is reduced by organic material while glutaraldehyde activity is only slightly reduced by organic material
True
True or False: Iodine is both corrosive and toxic
True
Surgical instruments, urinary catheters, and IV fluids are
A. Non-critical items
B. Semi-critical items
C. Critical items
C. Critical items
- They enter sterile tissue or blood stream
Semi-critical items are those that come into contact with broken skin or mucus membranes. They require treatments with disinfectants that have ___ level of activity
A. Low
B. Intermediate
C. High
C. High level of activity
True or False: Endospores, mycobacteria/bacteria, fungi, and viruses may be seen on semi critical items
True
Non-critical items may be cleaned and treated with ____ disinfectant since they are only in contact with intact skin
A. Low level
B. Intermediate level
C. High level
A. Low level
What are the three major factors that affect the efficacy of sterilization and disinfection?
1) Characteristics of target organisms
2) # of organisms
3) Physical features
True or False: Hand hygiene is the single most effective means of preventing the spread of infections
True
