L9: Genetic Aspect of Pathogenicity Flashcards
In transcription, RNAP binds to the ____
A. inducer
B. promoter
C. start site
D. end site
B. promoter
True or False: Translation is accomplished by ribosomes with the help of tRNA
True
Why is it that translation of mRNA can begin as soon as its transcription starts in pathogens?
Because bacteria lack nuclear membrane - therefore transcription/translation take place in the same spot!
True or False: Bacteria are poylcistronic
True (one mRNA encodes many proteins!)
In gene transcription, ribosome attaches the binding site (Shine-Dalgarno) of mRNA chain and moves along as mRNA synthesis occurs. However, degradation of mRNA follows shortly after translation. Why is this?
mRNAs highly unstable
Several ribosomes can translate an mRNA at the same time, forming what is called a ____
polysome
____: the organization of tandem genes in transcriptional units
operon
True or False: The operon speeds and coordinates bacterial response
True
_____: serves as control site, is where products from pathway can bind and repress synthesis of the operon
A. promoter
B. operator
C. inducer
B. operator
Where does RNAP bind to begin transcription?
A. promoter
B. operator
C. inducer
A. promoter
What is found at 5’ end of bacteria mRNA?
3’ end?
5’ = triphosphate
3’ = last base of mRNA
True or False: In bacterial mRNA, there is a coding region and non-coding region, which are additional sequences on either end (leader and trailer) and between coding region (intercistronic)
True
In bacterial transcription, _____ Factor binds to RNAP
Sigma Factor
True or False: The Sigma Factor has catalytic activity and helps core enzyme recognize promoter
False - while the sigma factors does help core enzyme to recognize promoter, it LACKS catalytic activity
When does the sigma factor fall off?
Once RNAP holoenzyme has bound and transcription is initiated
True or False: Most bacteria can only synthesize one sigma factor
False - most bacteria can make several sigma factors, each of which recognize a different promoter sequence
The ___ operon is an example of inducible gene transcription
lac operon
Why is the default mode of the lac operon ‘off’ (no transcription)?
Active repressor binds at operator site, which interferes with RNAP binding
When an inducer molecule binds to the repressor, there is a conformation change in the ___
repressor
What type of repressor is NOT able to bind to operator site, leads to transcription activation!
A. Inactive repressor
B. Active repressor
A. Inactive repressor
In the lac operon, when glucose is present:
a. is there any inducer?
b. is lac mRNA made?
a. no inducer
b. no lac mRNA made
- repressor binds to operator, prevents RNAP from transcribing operon
What three proteins are the result of turning the lac operon on?
Permease
Transacetylase
B-galactosidase
___ is the inducer of the lac operon when lactose is present. In particular, it binds to repressor mRNA
Allolactose
True or False: In the lac operon, activator proteins bind to specific sequences adjacent to the promoter site of regulated genes
True
Which molecule allows for positive regulation of lac operon?
A. cAMP
B. ATP
C. AMP
D. CTP
A. cAMP