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Medical Microbiology > L15 > Flashcards

L15 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Strep can best be visualized on ____ Agar while H. Influenzae is best seen on ____ Agar

A

Blood Agar; Chocolate Agar

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2
Q

True or False: Most bacteria can grown on blood agar

A

True

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3
Q

MacConkey Agar is a selective and differential agar.

Which is Lactose (+) vs. (-)
- Shigella
- E. coli

A

E.coli = Lactose (+)
Shigella = Lactose (-)

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4
Q

Staph is Catalase __ while Strep is Catalse __

A

Staph = (+)
Strep = (-)

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5
Q

Staph is Coagulase ___ while Staph a. is Coagulase ___

A

Staph = (-)
Staph a = (+)

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6
Q

True or False: E coli. is oxidase (-) while P. aeruginosa is oxidase (+)

A

True

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7
Q

True or False: Cutibacterium, Diptheroids (e.g Corynebacterium) and Staph make up one’s NF

A

True

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8
Q

___ is the most common skin disease and can presents with comedomes (non-inflammatory lesions) or inflammatory lesions

A

Acne Vulgaris

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9
Q

True or False: Inflammatory acne occurs if there is overgrowth of C. acnes (NF)

A

True

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10
Q

In the case of inflammatory acne, a plugged comedome leads to ruptured follicle, inflammatory lesion, which can become a ___ => ___ => ___

A

papule, pustule, nodule

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11
Q

In non-inflammatory acne, an open or close microcomedome can form. What are another name for these?

A

Open Microcomedome =
Black Heads

Close Microcomedome =
White Heads

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12
Q

In non-inflammatory acne, microcomedome forms due to what two conditions?

A
  1. Increased sebum
  2. Plugged follicular canal
    - Increased keratinization
    - Desquamination of cells lining canal
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13
Q

Which 3 pathogens can lead to infections of the integument?

A
  1. S. pyogenes
  2. S. aureus
  3. C. acnes
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14
Q

Which pathogen of the skin is a cocci that is both coagulase/catalase (+), as well as B-hemolytic (blood agar)?
A. C. acnes
B. S. pyogenes
C. S. aureus

A

C. S. aureus

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15
Q

Which pathogen of the skin is a cocci, group A Strep (GAS), B-hemolytic (blood agar), and bacitracin sensitive
A. C. acnes
B. S. pyogenes
C. S. aureus

A

B. S. pyogenes

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16
Q

True or False: C. acnes is a gram (+), anaerobic, diptheroid that is the predominant anaerobic member of NF that colonizes hair follicles

A

True

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17
Q

C. acnes makes ___, which degrades sebum into inflammatory substance, attracts WBC’s

A

Lipase

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18
Q

Which of the following pathogens give rise to: Toxic (SSSS, Bullous Impetigo) or Non-Toxin Mediated Pyodermic Infections (Furuncle, Epidemic Impetigo, Carbuncle, Folliculitis)
A. S. aureus
B. C. acnes
C. S. pyogenes

A

A. S. aureus

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19
Q

Which of the following pathogens give rise to: Scarlet Fever, Cellulitis, or Epidemic Impetigo?

A. S. aureus
B. C. acnes
C. S. pyogenes

A

C. S. pyogenes

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20
Q

True or False: Bound coagulase causes bacteria to clump while free coagulase causes protective fibrin clot to form

A

True

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21
Q

Epidemic Impetigo, which arises due to S. pyogenes, can result in _____, a condition in which the kidney dysfunctions

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

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22
Q

True or False: Cellulitis is often cause by either: Gram (+) Cocci, Gram (-) Rods, or E. corrodens

A

True

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23
Q

____ (St. Anthony’s Fire): A specific type of cellulitis associated with blocked lymphatics

A

Erysipelas

24
Q

Which three Gram (+) cocci can cause cellulitis?

A
  • S. pyogenes
  • S. aureus
  • S. pneumoniae
25
Q

True or False: Both facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes (gram - rods) can cause cellulitis

A

True

26
Q

If in animal bites you and you develop cellulitis, which pathogen is likely responsible?

A
  1. P. pestis
  2. Multocida
  3. C. Canimorsus
27
Q

Which five pathogens can cause necrotizing skin lesions associated w/cellulitis?

A

M. ulcerans
M. marium
M. fortuitum

M. abscessus

M. chelonae

28
Q

Cellulitis typically occurs in fat layer. However, it if occurs due to surgical site infection, it can occur in ___ or ____

A

deep dermis; stratum corteum

29
Q

True or False: Systemic effects (flu) and local inflammation are associated with cellulitis due to surgical site infection

A

True

30
Q

St. Anthony’s Fire occurs in the dermis, has sharp borders, and is caused by ___

It involves cutaneous lymphatics but may NOT involve cutaneous tissue

A

GAS (S. pyogenes)

31
Q

How does St. Anthony’s Fire differ from Cellulitis?

A
  • Starts w/ systemic signs and burning
  • Turns into indurated erythema that is sharply demarcated
32
Q

If a patient develops a surgical infection 10-30 days after surgery, it could either be gram (+) cocci or gram (- ) rod.

Specifically…

A

Gram (+)
- Staph
- Strep
- Entero

Gram (-)
- Facultative anaerobe

33
Q

A patient develops an infection within 72 hrs of surgery. What three Gram (+) cocci pathogens might it be?

A

Gram (+)
- S. aureus
- C. perfringens
- B-hemolytic strepto

34
Q

___ is a super antigen and potent immuno-modulatory agent known to cause scarlet fever

A

SPE (Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin)

35
Q

True or False: Scarlet fever is a complication of either GAS pharyngitis or Impetigo. Therefore, it is associated with s+s of impetigo/pharyngitis + scarlet fever

A

True

36
Q

Both Enanthem and Exanthem are symptoms of Scarlet Fever. What is the difference between them?

A

Enanthem: type of hyperemia

Exanthem: rash that starts on trunk and moves to rest of body – resolves w/ skin desquamination

37
Q

What is the stages of progression of Enanthem in Scarlet Fever?

A

White strawberry tongue
Red strawberry tongue
Red rasberry tongue

38
Q

True or False: Acute glomerulonephritis and Rheumatic Fever are possible complications of Scarlet Fever

A

True

39
Q

You are looking at a test-tube and see growth throughout the tube, suggesting that metabolism is fermentative and the substance can grow with or without O2.
Therefore, it is…
A. Obligate Anaerobe
B. Aerotolerant/Facultative Anerobe

A

B. Aerotolerant/Facultative Anerobe

40
Q

You are looking at a test-tube and see growth only at the bottom of the tube, which suggest the organism cannot tolerate O2. Therefore it is:
A. Obligate Anaerobe
B. Aerotolerant/Facultative Anerobe

A

A. Obligate Anaerobe

41
Q

True or False: Poor blood supply and tissue necrosis can lead to anaerobe growth

A

True

42
Q

True or False: Putrid odor, abscess, tissue necrosis, and gas suggests anaerobe

A

True

43
Q

True or False: Anaerobes are the pre-dominant NF

A

True

44
Q

S. aureus makes exfoliative toxins, which are ___ that split intracellular bridges in s. granulosum
A. Lipases
B. Proteases
C. Carboxylases

A

B. Proteases

45
Q

Which of the following non-toxic mediated pyogenic infections (S. aureus) occurs on hair bearing sites and is a superficial infection of an INDIVIDUAL hair follicle?
A. Furuncle
B. Carbuncle
C. Folliculitis
D. Epidemic Impetigo

A

C. Folliculitis

46
Q

____ involves several hair follicles and is associated with systemic sx (fever!!)
A. Furuncle
B. Carbuncle
C. Folliculitis
D. Epidemic Impetigo

A

B. Carbuncle

47
Q

____ is an infection of a single hair follicle, which is associated with necrotic and pyogenic abscess. While tissue around it is hot, there are NOT systemic signs (e.g fever)
A. Furuncle
B. Carbuncle
C. Folliculitis
D. Epidemic Impetigo

A

A. Furuncle

48
Q

True or False: Carbuncle and Furuncle are infections of hair follicle and dermis

A

False - infections of hair follicle and subcut tissue

49
Q

Why does non-bullous impetigo not scar?

Which layer of skin does impetigo typically effect?

A

Non-bullous impetigo does not scar because it affect superficial epidermis

Usually effects stratum corneum

50
Q

True or False: Non-bullous Impetigo is associated with ambered colored crust and systemic sx (fever!)

A

False - Non-bullous Impetigo is associated with ambered colored crust but NOT fever!!

51
Q

True or False: Bullous Impetigo is a toxemia and each lesion contains ET (exfoliatin exotoxin) producing strains of S. aureus

A

False - while each
bullous impetigo lesion
does contains ET (exfoliatin exotoxin) producing strains of S. aureus, it is NOT a toxemia!

52
Q

In bullous impetigo, ___ and ___ do NOT disseminate

and toxin causes the bullae

A

toxin and agent

53
Q

____ is a toxemia from a focal infection that is associated with erythroderma and varnish like lesion. Occurs in immunocompromised and kids.

There IS dissemination of exfoliatin exotoxin but there is NOT dissemination of S. aureus

A

SSSS

54
Q

True or False: All toxic mediated S. aureus infections produce ETA/B which lead to epidermal necrosis or painful bullae

A

True

55
Q

True or False: All S. aureus infections are contagious

A

True

Medical Microbiology (31 decks)

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