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Medical Microbiology > Lecture 18: Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

True or False: There is NF in your Nervous System

A

False - there is not!

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2
Q

____: Inflammation of brain parenchyma

____: Inflammation of spinal cord

A

Encephalitis
Myelitis

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3
Q

____: Localized pyogenic infection within brain

A

Brain Abscess

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4
Q

___: Inflammation of the meninges resulting from an infection in subarachnoid space

A

Meningitis

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5
Q

Most common cause of meningitis?

A

Viruses
- Bacteria is less rare

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6
Q

True or False: Tetanus mimics some s+s of meningitis

A

True

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7
Q

True or False: Meningitis occurs more frequently than encephalitis

A

True

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8
Q

What’s the difference between Septic (Purulent) Meningitis vs. Aseptic?

A

Septic
- Can cultivate organism
- Bacterial meningitis

Aseptic
- Non-pyogenic
- UK cause
- Usually infectious (viral!)

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9
Q

True or False: Bacteria and Viruses often cause acute meningitis while microbes often cause Chronic Meningitis

A

True

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10
Q

True or False: The course of bacterial meningitis can be fulminant

A

True

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11
Q

___ is a major pre-disposing factor for acute bacterial meningitis

A

Age

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12
Q

What is the most common mechanism for acquiring meningitis?
A. 1 invasion of CNS s/p infection of blood
B. 2 invasion of CNS s/p infection of blood

A

B. 2 invasion of CNS s/p infection of blood

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13
Q

How does meningitis enter Sub-arachnoid space?

A

Sites of minimal resistance

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14
Q

What is effect of direct entry of meningitis?

A

Damage to CNS integrity

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15
Q

In the case of brain abscesses, there is contiguous spread along ___ channels or ___ infection

A

vascular; parameningeal

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16
Q

______: a system used by neurotoxins, allows for transport system to and from neuron’s cell

A

Retrograde axoplasmic flow

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17
Q

Three most common sx of acute bacterial meningitis in NON-neonates (adults)?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Meningismus
    - photophobia
    - stiff neck
    - headache
  3. Altered mental status
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18
Q

Three types of rashes that may be seen with meningitis?

A

Maculopapular
Vesicular
Pupuric
- S. pneumonia
- N. meningitis
- H. Influenza

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19
Q

True or False: In Infants, bulging of fontanel is a clinical manifestation of acute bacterial meningitis

A

True
- Also: fever, irritability, inactivity, poor feeding

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20
Q

A newborn/neonate has acute bacterial meningitis. Which three organisms may be the culprit?

A
  1. E. coli K1
  2. S. agalactiae (strep B)
  3. Listeria monocytogenes
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21
Q

An infant-child has acute bacterial meningitis. Which three organisms may be the culprit?

A
  1. Strep pneumo
  2. H. Influenza (Type B)
  3. Neisseria meningitis
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22
Q

Which organism may cause acute bacterial meningitis in all groups except newborns?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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23
Q

S. pneumonia and Listeria monocytogenes may cause acute bacterial meningitis in…
A. Elderly
B. Kids/Teens/Adults
C. Infants
D. Newborns

A

A. Elderly

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24
Q

S. pneumonia and N. meningitidis can cause acute bacterial meningitis in…
A. Elderly
B. Kids/Teens/Adults
C. Infants
D. Newborns

A

B. Kids/Teens/Adults

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25
Q

N. meningitis is likely to cause acute bacterial meningitis in which two groups?

A
  1. infants and kids
  2. children/teens/adults
26
Q

Listeria monocytogenes can cause acute bacterial meninigitis in which two patient populations?

A

Elderly and newborns

27
Q

Tests to r/o meningitis?

A
28
Q

What are the three vertically transmitted pathogens?

A
  1. Streptococcus agalctia
  2. E. coli K1
  3. Listeria monocytogenes
29
Q

Where is Streptococcus agalctia found? Can it be transmitted to newborns?

A

Female genital and GI tract

Yes!

30
Q

Streptococcus agalctia
- Gram + or -?
- Shape?
- Linear or chains?

A

Gram +
Cocci
Chains

  • also known as: group B streptococci
31
Q

How are beta-hemolytic streptococci classfied?

A

Carbohydrate in cell wall
- Lancefield classification

32
Q

Most common pathogen causing neonatal meningitis?
A. Streptococcus agalctia
B. E. coli K1
C. Listeria monocytogenes

A

A. Streptococcus agalctia

33
Q

What is the main virulence factor of S. agalactiae?
A. Pili
B. Capsule
C. LT Toxin

A

B. Capsule

34
Q

If you culture S. agalactiae, which three features would you expect to see?

A

B-hemolytic
Catalase (-)
Bacitracin resistant

35
Q

___ is part of normal GI flora that spreads via vertical transmission. Its main virulence factor is: capsule.

A
36
Q

___ is part of normal GI flora that spreads via vertical transmission. Its main virulence factor is: capsule

A. Streptococcus agalctia
B. E. coli K1
C. Listeria monocytogenes

A

B. E. coli K1

K1= capsule serotype

37
Q

E. coli K1
- Gram + or -?
- Shape?

A

Gram - Bacilli

38
Q

How can you detect K1 antigen of E. coli?

A

CSF

39
Q

How is listeria transmitted? to who?

A
  • How: contaminated foods
  • Who: adults
40
Q

Common foods associated with Listeria monocytogenes infections?

A
  1. Unpasteurized milk
  2. Undercooked meat
  3. Raw veggies
41
Q

True or False: Patients who are immune-competent may only have mild or asymptomatic with Listeria infection

A

True

42
Q

What can occur if a pregnant mother has listeria?

A
  1. Febrile
  2. Could pass to baby, leading to menigitis
43
Q

True or False: IC and elderly are also at risk for meningitis w/Listeria

A

True

44
Q

Listeria….
- Gram +/-
- Infects…
-Facultative extra or intracellular?

Note: also known as coccobacilli

A
  • Gram (+)
  • Facultative intracellular pathogen
  • Infects macrophages
45
Q

Listeria monocytogenes survives within the phagosome. How does it escape?

A

Via production of: listeriolysin O (LLO)

  • Type 2 Toxin (pore forming)
46
Q

How does Listeria monocytogenes move cell to cell?
A. Actin Tail
B. Myosin Tail
C. Cytoplasmic Tail

A

A. Actin Tail

  • similar to shigella
47
Q

How are Listeria similar to Shigella?

A

1) Facultative intracellular pathogen - infects macrophages
2) Avoid phagolysosome

48
Q

How can you culture L. monocytogenes?

A

Cold enrichment
Beta-hemolytic

  • Motility (tumbling/umbrella)
49
Q

True or False: In L. monocytogenes, LLO+PLC are used to escape phagosome

A

True

50
Q

___ proteins mediate nucleation of actin tail at one end of bacteria in Listeria monocytogenes

A

ActA

51
Q

Which three pathogens can be transmitted via: respiratory droplets?

A

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitis

52
Q

In infants/children, there is vaccine prevention for which three pathogens?

A

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitis

53
Q

Where is S. pneumo commonly found? Transmission?

A
  • Upper respiratory
  • Respiratory droplets
54
Q

S. pneumo is most common agent of which condition?
A. Chronic viral meningitis
B. Acute bacterial meningitis

A

B. Acute bacterial meningitis

55
Q

True or False: Streptococcus is gram (+) diplococci

A

True

56
Q

True or False: S. pneumo uses capsule for virulence factor

A

True

57
Q

Which two toxins does S. pneumo make that allows for tissue destruction?

A
  • Pnuemolysin
  • Phosphocholine (can enter RBC)
58
Q

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
N. meningitis

What two things do they have in common?

A

Virulence factor = capsule

IgA Protease

59
Q

If you cultured S. pneumo, what three features would you notice?

A

Alpha hemolytic (blood agar)

Catalase (-)
Optochin sensitive

60
Q

How do you detect antigen of S. pneumoniae?

A

From CSF

Medical Microbiology (31 decks)

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