Host-Pathogen Interactions Flashcards
Endogenous parasitism is only ____ while exogenous is both ___ and ___
Endogenous parasitism = opportunistic
Exogenous parasitism = frank and opportunistic
___: always causes infection or disease when appropriate host present
A. opportunistic pathogens
B. frank pathogens
B. frank pathogens
____: only causes disease in compromised host (as in Normal Flora)
A. opportunistic pathogens
B. frank pathogens
A. opportunistic pathogens
___ and ____ are essentially interchangeable terms that describe degree/ability of pathogen to cause disease
Pathogenicity and virulence
True or False: Virulence and pathogenicity vary host to host and pathogen to pathogen, even in same species
True
True or False: Virulence factors are genetic, biochemical, or structural features that enable a microbe to produce disease
True
___: presence of microbes, but does not necessarily cause disease (e.g NF)
A. symptoms
B. signs
C. colonization
C. colonization
____ are subjective descriptions of pain while ___ are objective ways of measuring pain
symptoms; signs
True or False: Typhoid fever can be ‘carried’
True
True or False: The terms infection and disease are the same
False - they are not the same
True or False: Infection always directly translates into a disease state
False - not always!
What are the three types of infections?
- Inapparent/Asymptomatic
- Dormant/Latent
- Pyogenic
Five steps of sequence of infection?
Primary
Secondary
Superinfection
Co-Infection
Mixed Infection
____: Clinically apparent invasion; causing local tissue injury
A. Primary Infection
B. Secondary Infection
C. Co-Infection
A. Primary Infection
____: Invasion subsequent to primary infection
A. Primary Infection
B. Secondary Infection
C. Co-Infection
B. Secondary Infection
____: Infection on top, as a result of or in addition to the primary one
A. Primary Infection
B. Secondary Infection
C. Co-Infection
D. Superinfection
D. Superinfection
Example of co-infection?
Tb and HIV
_____: Two or more microbes infecting the same tissue
A. Primary Infection
B. Secondary Infection
C. Co-Infection
D. Superinfection
E. Mixed Infection
E. Mixed Infection
True or False: Many manifestations of infectious disease are due to host’s response itself, rather than pathogen (host mediated pathogenesis)
True
____: the time interval between initial infection and first appearance of signs/symptoms
A. Prodromal Period
B. Incubation Period
C. Period of Decline
D. Period of Convalescence
B. Incubation Period
___: characterized by appearance of the first mild signs and symptoms
A. Prodromal Period
B. Incubation Period
C. Period of Decline
D. Period of Convalescence
A. Prodromal Period
___: period in which disease is at its height and all disease signs and symptoms are apparent. Death may occur during this time.
A. Prodromal Period
B. Incubation Period
C. Period of Decline
D. Period of Convalescence
E. Period of Illness
E. Period of Illness
____: period in which signs and symptoms subside
A. Prodromal Period
B. Incubation Period
C. Period of Decline
D. Period of Convalescence
E. Period of Illness
C. Period of Decline
True or False: The body returns to pre-disease state and health is restored during the period of convalescence
True
___: a pattern of infectious disease that is sudden and intense, as well as rapidly progressing
A. Acute
B. Fulminant
C. Subacute
D. Chronic
B. Fulminant
___: a pattern of infectious disease that is rapid (hrs/days); brief duration
A. Acute
B. Fulminant
C. Subacute
D. Chronic
A. Acute
____: a pattern of infectious disease that is between acute and chronic (days/weeks)
A. Acute
B. Fulminant
C. Subacute
D. Chronic
C. Subacute
____: a pattern of infectious disease that progresses slowly and has prolonged duration
A. Acute
B. Fulminant
C. Subacute
D. Chronic
D. Chronic
True or False: Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis always leads to Tb
False - it may not, depending on the host factors
The closer the proximity of the portal of entry (POE) to the target tissue, the ___ the chance of infection
higher
True or False: Small ID50 and LD50 is bad, suggests more pathogenicity
True
- salmonella vs. shigella
Fast growing bacteria are likely to cause ___ disease (rapid onset and progression)
Slow growing bacterial are likely to cause ___ disease (insidious onset and progression)
acute; chronic
True or False: Fibriae/pillae or capsule can aid in avoiding phagocytosis
True
Endotoxin is only Gram ___ while Exotoxin is both Gram __ and __
Endotoxin = gram negative
Exotoxin = gram negative or gram positive
True or False: Toxoids are often possible in exotoxins, but not endotoxins
True
____ are heat labile, but usually not pyrogenic
A. Endotoxins
B. Exotoxins
C. LPS
B. Exotoxins
Exotoxins are carried on ___, ___, or ___ while Endotoxins are ___ encoded
chromosome, plasmid, or phages; chromosomally
Which of the following activates alternative C pathway, binds to host via host CD14, and has a broad spectrum of activity?
A. Endotoxins
B. Exotoxins
A. Endotoxins
LPS is an important part of the ____ in gram - bacteria
cell membrane
LPS contains ___, ___, and ___
Lipid A, Core, O antigen saccharides
True or False: Host mediated pathogenesis involves leukocytes and antigens
True
