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Medical Microbiology > Host-Pathogen Interactions > Flashcards

Host-Pathogen Interactions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Endogenous parasitism is only ____ while exogenous is both ___ and ___

A

Endogenous parasitism = opportunistic
Exogenous parasitism = frank and opportunistic

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2
Q

___: always causes infection or disease when appropriate host present
A. opportunistic pathogens
B. frank pathogens

A

B. frank pathogens

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3
Q

____: only causes disease in compromised host (as in Normal Flora)
A. opportunistic pathogens
B. frank pathogens

A

A. opportunistic pathogens

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4
Q

___ and ____ are essentially interchangeable terms that describe degree/ability of pathogen to cause disease

A

Pathogenicity and virulence

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5
Q

True or False: Virulence and pathogenicity vary host to host and pathogen to pathogen, even in same species

A

True

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6
Q

True or False: Virulence factors are genetic, biochemical, or structural features that enable a microbe to produce disease

A

True

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7
Q

___: presence of microbes, but does not necessarily cause disease (e.g NF)
A. symptoms
B. signs
C. colonization

A

C. colonization

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8
Q

____ are subjective descriptions of pain while ___ are objective ways of measuring pain

A

symptoms; signs

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9
Q

True or False: Typhoid fever can be ‘carried’

A

True

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10
Q

True or False: The terms infection and disease are the same

A

False - they are not the same

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11
Q

True or False: Infection always directly translates into a disease state

A

False - not always!

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12
Q

What are the three types of infections?

A
  1. Inapparent/Asymptomatic
  2. Dormant/Latent
  3. Pyogenic
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13
Q

Five steps of sequence of infection?

A

Primary
Secondary
Superinfection
Co-Infection
Mixed Infection

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14
Q

____: Clinically apparent invasion; causing local tissue injury
A. Primary Infection
B. Secondary Infection
C. Co-Infection

A

A. Primary Infection

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15
Q

____: Invasion subsequent to primary infection
A. Primary Infection
B. Secondary Infection
C. Co-Infection

A

B. Secondary Infection

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16
Q

____: Infection on top, as a result of or in addition to the primary one
A. Primary Infection
B. Secondary Infection
C. Co-Infection
D. Superinfection

A

D. Superinfection

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17
Q

Example of co-infection?

A

Tb and HIV

18
Q

_____: Two or more microbes infecting the same tissue
A. Primary Infection
B. Secondary Infection
C. Co-Infection
D. Superinfection
E. Mixed Infection

A

E. Mixed Infection

19
Q

True or False: Many manifestations of infectious disease are due to host’s response itself, rather than pathogen (host mediated pathogenesis)

A

True

20
Q

____: the time interval between initial infection and first appearance of signs/symptoms
A. Prodromal Period
B. Incubation Period
C. Period of Decline
D. Period of Convalescence

A

B. Incubation Period

21
Q

___: characterized by appearance of the first mild signs and symptoms
A. Prodromal Period
B. Incubation Period
C. Period of Decline
D. Period of Convalescence

A

A. Prodromal Period

22
Q

___: period in which disease is at its height and all disease signs and symptoms are apparent. Death may occur during this time.
A. Prodromal Period
B. Incubation Period
C. Period of Decline
D. Period of Convalescence
E. Period of Illness

A

E. Period of Illness

23
Q

____: period in which signs and symptoms subside
A. Prodromal Period
B. Incubation Period
C. Period of Decline
D. Period of Convalescence
E. Period of Illness

A

C. Period of Decline

24
Q

True or False: The body returns to pre-disease state and health is restored during the period of convalescence

A

True

25
Q

___: a pattern of infectious disease that is sudden and intense, as well as rapidly progressing
A. Acute
B. Fulminant
C. Subacute
D. Chronic

A

B. Fulminant

26
Q

___: a pattern of infectious disease that is rapid (hrs/days); brief duration
A. Acute
B. Fulminant
C. Subacute
D. Chronic

A

A. Acute

27
Q

____: a pattern of infectious disease that is between acute and chronic (days/weeks)
A. Acute
B. Fulminant
C. Subacute
D. Chronic

A

C. Subacute

28
Q

____: a pattern of infectious disease that progresses slowly and has prolonged duration
A. Acute
B. Fulminant
C. Subacute
D. Chronic

A

D. Chronic

29
Q

True or False: Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis always leads to Tb

A

False - it may not, depending on the host factors

30
Q

The closer the proximity of the portal of entry (POE) to the target tissue, the ___ the chance of infection

A

higher

31
Q

True or False: Small ID50 and LD50 is bad, suggests more pathogenicity

A

True
- salmonella vs. shigella

32
Q

Fast growing bacteria are likely to cause ___ disease (rapid onset and progression)

Slow growing bacterial are likely to cause ___ disease (insidious onset and progression)

A

acute; chronic

33
Q

True or False: Fibriae/pillae or capsule can aid in avoiding phagocytosis

A

True

34
Q

Endotoxin is only Gram ___ while Exotoxin is both Gram __ and __

A

Endotoxin = gram negative
Exotoxin = gram negative or gram positive

35
Q

True or False: Toxoids are often possible in exotoxins, but not endotoxins

A

True

36
Q

____ are heat labile, but usually not pyrogenic
A. Endotoxins
B. Exotoxins
C. LPS

A

B. Exotoxins

37
Q

Exotoxins are carried on ___, ___, or ___ while Endotoxins are ___ encoded

A

chromosome, plasmid, or phages; chromosomally

38
Q

Which of the following activates alternative C pathway, binds to host via host CD14, and has a broad spectrum of activity?
A. Endotoxins
B. Exotoxins

A

A. Endotoxins

39
Q

LPS is an important part of the ____ in gram - bacteria

A

cell membrane

40
Q

LPS contains ___, ___, and ___

A

Lipid A, Core, O antigen saccharides

41
Q

True or False: Host mediated pathogenesis involves leukocytes and antigens

A

True

Medical Microbiology (31 decks)

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