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Medical Microbiology > L 24 - CONDENSED > Flashcards

L 24 - CONDENSED Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

True or False: Cestodes (tapeworms) are diecious and have a digestive system

while Nematodes (roundworms) are monecious and lack a digestive system

A

False

Cestodes
1) monoecious
2) lack digestive system

Nematodes
1) diecious
2) have digestive system

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2
Q

Both T. Solium (pork) and T. Saginata (beef) have radial striation of shell.

However, how do their scolex differ??

A

T. solium
- 4 suckers
- hooks
- rostellum
- FEW proglottids

T. saginata
- 4 suckers
- NO hooks
- MANY proglottids

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3
Q

2 grooved suckers, a polar knob, and an operculum are features of which cestode (tapeworm)?
A. T. saginata
B. T. solium
C. D. latum

A

C. D. latum

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4
Q

In Cestodes (tapeworms) both the scolex and proglottids are important for ____

A

attachment

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5
Q

What are three features to look for to help differentiate between Cestodes (tapeworms)??

A

1 - Scolex
2 - Eggs
3 - Proglottids

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6
Q

Which three Nematodes (roundworms) are transmitted via ingestion of contaminated soil?

hint: ETA

A

E. vermicularis
T. trichiura
A. lumbricoids

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7
Q

Which three Nematodes (roundworms) are transmitted via direct skin penetration by infectious larvae?

hint: ANS

A

A. duodenale
N. americanus
S. stercoralis

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8
Q

Which of the following is associated with non-diarrheal, non-invasive, parasitic infection?
A. T. solium
B. D. latum
C. E. vermicularis
D. T. trichiura

A

C. E. vermicularis

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9
Q

Which of the following is associated with non-diarrheal, minimally invasive parasitic infections?
A. T. solium
B. D. latum
C. E. vermicularis
D. T. trichiura

A

D. T. trichiura

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10
Q

Which parasites have females form that have long, pointed tails and male forms with curved, blunt posterior ends?
A. E. vermicularis
B. T. trichiura

A

A. E. vermicularis

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11
Q

______, also known as the whipworm, have male forms that are coiled at posterior end and female forms with bluntly rounded posterior.

Also have yellow-brown, barrel shaped, ova

A. E. vermicularis
B. T. trichiura

A

B. T. trichiura

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12
Q

True or False: For both E. vermicularis and T. trichiura, larvae hatch in the small intestines and migrate to colon

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: In T. trichiura, adults mature in colon and umembryonate eggs pass via feces

A

True

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14
Q

In the case of D. latum, T. solium, and T. saginata, who is the definitive host?
A. Animal
B. Human

A

B. Human

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15
Q

In the case of D. latum, T. solium, and T. saginata, who is the intermediate host?

A

T. saginata = Cow

T. solium = Pig

D. latum = Fish

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16
Q

Which two worm parasites have a life cycle in which an animal ingests an embryonated egg, human eats that animal (and stomach acid releases cysticerci) + worms mature/grow in small intestines, with proglottids passing out in the feces?

A

T. saginata (cow) and T. solium (pig)

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17
Q

The larvae of ____ hatch in water. Where does the gravid proglottid break up? Why might you see eggs in feces?

A

D. latum; colon; because proglottid not intact

18
Q

Pernicious anemia is a side effect of infection by which microbe?
A. D. latum
B. T. solium
C. T. trichiura
D. E. vermicularis

A

A. D. latum

19
Q

While Cysticercosis is a disease manifestation of both T. solium and T. saginata, Taeniasis is associated with ______
A. T. solium
B. T. saginata

A

A. T. solium

20
Q

Occulo or Neurocysticercosis is a disease manifestation associated with…
A. T. solium
B. T. saginata

A

A/B

21
Q

True or False: Embryonated EGGS are a disease manifestation associated with T. saginata and solium

A

True

22
Q

How do you diagnose T. saginata or T. solium?
A. Proglottid or ova in fecal sample
B. Ova in stool
C. Tape test
D. Mature worms in intestines

A

D. Mature worms in intestines

23
Q

True or False: Autoinfection of Retroinfection are associated with D. latum

A

False - with E. vermicularis

24
Q

Rectal Prolapse and Dysentary as symptoms that are most closely associated with which helminth?
A. T. trichiura
B. D. latum
C. T. saginata/solium

A

A. T. trichiura

25
Q

Name the three soil-transmitted helminths:

A

1) Trichuris
2) Ascaris
3) Hookworm

  • note: all of these have eggs that need to embryonate in the soil
26
Q

Which four parasites are non-diarrheal, invasive parasites?

Hint: AANS

A

A. duodenale (hookworm)
A. lumbricoides
N. americanus (hookworm)
S. stercoralis

27
Q

How do you dx A. Lumbricoides?
A. Ova in feces
B. Eggs in stool
C. Larvae in stool

A

A. Ova in feces

28
Q

How do you dx hookworms (A. duodenale and N. americanus)???
A. Ova in feces
B. Eggs in stool
C. Larvae in stool

A

B. Eggs in stool

29
Q

True or False: To diagnose S. stercoralis, you must identify LARVAE in stool

A

True

30
Q

Which of the following non-diarrheal, invasive, parasitic infections alter between free living and parasitic life cycles + is associated with watery diarrhea/cramps?
A. A. Lumbricoides
B. A. Duodenale
C. N. Americanus
D. S. Stercoralis

A

D. S. Stercoralis

31
Q

Which two non-diarrheal, invasive parasitic infections penetrates human skin and are carried through blood vessels to heart and lungs?

A

A. duodenale and N. americanus

32
Q

True or False: A. lumbricoides and A. duodenale are associated with anemia and protein deficiency

A

False - the hookworms (A. duodenale and N. americanus) are associated with anemia and protein deficiency

33
Q

True or False: Adult A. duodenale and N. americanus live in small intestine, but can eventually enter heart, lungs, and trachea

A

True

34
Q

Cough or pneumonitis are associated with infection by….
A. A. lumbricoides
B. A. duodenale
C. S. stercoralis
D. N. americanus

A

A. A. lumbricoides

35
Q

Which non-diarrheal, invasive parasite matures in lungs, then ascends up bronchial tree to the throat, and is swallowed. Once in the intestines, it attaches and invades.
A. A. lumbricoides
B. A. duodenale
C. S. stercoralis
D. N. americanus

A

A. A. lumbricoides

36
Q

True or False: A. duodenale has motor cutting plates while N. americanus has motor cutting teeth

A

True

37
Q

What are the three larvae forms of the hookworms (A. duodenate and N. americanus)? Which is infective form?

A

1) Embryonate
2) Rhabditiform*
3) Filariform

38
Q

What are the two larval forms of S. stercoralis?

A

1) Rhabditiform
2) Filariform*

39
Q

True or False: S. stercoralis can either have internal or external autoinfection

A

True

40
Q

Which larave form of S. stercoralis is found in contaminated soil and penetrates human skin; it can either enter lungs, bronchial tree, pharynx, small intestines, or disseminate throughout?
A. A. lumbricoides
B. A. duodenale
C. S. stercoralis
D. N. americanus

A

C. S. stercoralis

41
Q

True or False: Cutaneous Larva Migrans is a zoonotic hookworm that can migrate through skin and cause inflammation

A

True

Medical Microbiology (31 decks)

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