L18 Flashcards
___: Inflammation of meninges due to infection in subarachnoid space
Meningitis
True or False: Virus is most common cause of meningitis
True
What’s the difference between septic (purulent) and aseptic meningitis?
Septic
- can cultivate
- bacterial meningitis
Aseptic
- non-pyogenic
- usually cause by viral agent
Acute meningitis is typically caused by ___ while chronic is typically caused by ___
Acute = bacteria/virus
Chronic = microbe
True or False: Bacterial meningitis can be fulminant and result in long-term sequelae
True
What is the most common portal of entry for acute bacterial meningitis?
Infects blood, then enters CNS
Fever, irritability, and bulging of fontanelle suggests meningitis in a neonate while a fever, altered mental status, and meningismus suggests meningitis in an adult
True
True or False: Age pre-disposes one to developing acute bacterial meningitis
True
In addition to increased ICP, what are other features seen in meningitis?
A patient who is a newborn (0-4 wks) shows signs of meningitis, what 3 agents may be the culprit?
L - Listeria mono
E - E. coli K1
S - Strep agalactiae
A patient who is an infant (4-6 wks) shows signs of meningitis, what 3 agents may be the culprit?
N - N. meningitis
H - H. Infleunzae B
S - Strep pneumo
A patient who is 6-60 y/o shows signs of meningitis, which 2 agents may be the culprit?
N: N. meningitis
S: S. pneumo
A patient who is 60+ shows signs of meningitis, which 2 agents may be the culprit?
L: Listeria
S: S. pneumo
There is a vaccine to prevent acute bacterial meningitis in which of the following:
A. 60+ y/o
B. 6-60 y/0
C. 0-4 weeks
D. 4-6 weeks
D. 4-6 weeks
What are three vertically transmitted pathogens?
Hint: LES
L - Listeria
E - E. coli K1
S - Strep agalactia (GBS)
Of the vertically transmitted pathogens, which two are gram (+)?
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)
C. Strep agalactia (GBS) / A. Listeria
True or False: Both E.coli K1 and Listeria are bacilli. Only E.coli uses a capsule for virulence, however.
True
Which of the following vertical pathogens is the most common cause of neonatal meningitis and is located normally in GI tract or female genital region?
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)
Which of the following is bacitracin resistant, catalase (-), and B-hemolytic?
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)
True or False: All the vertically transmitted pathogens utilize capsule for virulence
False - only S. agalactia and E. coli K1
Beta hemolytic streptococci, such as ____, are classified by the carbohydrate in their cell wall (Lancefield Classification)
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)
____ is gram negative bacilli that uses a capsule. it is lactose (+)
A. Listeria
B. E. coli K1
C. Strep agalactia (GBS)
B. E. coli K1
___ is a gram (+) bacilli –often cocobacili–that can infect macrophages (facultative intracellular). To culture it involves cold enrichment. It has motility and is B-hemolytic (like S. galactia!!)
A. S. agalactia
B. E.coli K1
C. Listeria
Listeria monocytogenes
Which pathogen is commonly transmitted to adults via foods such as: raw veggies and unpasteurized milk products?
Listeria monocytogenes
Which two vertical pathogens can be transmitted to newborn?
Listeria and S. agalactia
True or False: IC or elderly are at risk of Listeria
True
Listeria can survive within phagosome and escape via production of which two toxins?
How does it move from cell to cell?
- Escapes phagosome via:
1) LLO - Listerolysin O
2) PLC - Phospholipase C - Moves cell to cell via: Actin tail
Which vertically transmitted pathogen is B-hemolytic, has motility (tumbling + umbrella) and grows best in cold enrichment?
Listeria
Which three pathogens are transmitted via respiratory droplets?
- H. Influenzae - B
- Neiserria Meningitis
- Strep pneumo
All of the pathogens transmitted via respiratory droplets are gram (-) except…
Strep pneumo
True or False: Strep pneumo and N. meningitis are diplococci while H. Influenzae is cocobacili and pleomorphic
True
Which two virulence factors are used by ALL pathogens transmitted via respiratory droplets
1) IgA Protease
2) Capsule
Which two virulence factors are unique to Strep pneumo and allow for destruction of tissue?
- Phosphocholine
- Pnuemolysin
True or False: N. meninigitis have 4 virulence factors: Capsule, IgA Protease, LOS, and Pili (Phasic and Antigenic Variation)
True
Which of the following pathogens transmitted via respiratory droplets is catalase (-), alpha-hemolytic, and optochin sensitive?
A. S. pneumo
B. N. meninigitis
C. H. influenzae
A. S. pneumo
True or False: Both N. meningitis and H. Influenzae can be grown on chocolate agar
True
Which of the following is oxidase (+) and grows in a humid, CO2 enriched environment?
A. H. Influenzae
B. N. Meninigits
C. S. Pneumo
B. N. Meninigits
___ is a gram (-) PLEOMORPHIC, NF commonly found in nose and throat. It is best grown on chocolate agar. However, when grown on blood agar, it shows satellite around S. aureus. It uses a PRP capsule.
Hib (H. Influenzae - type B)
True or False: All the pathogens that can be transmitted via: respiratory droplets have vaccines to prevent them
True
