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Medical Microbiology > L22: Introduction to Human Fungal Infections > Flashcards

L22: Introduction to Human Fungal Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Most fungal pathogens are NOT communicable, except….

A

Dermatophytes

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2
Q

True or False: Fungi are mostly opportunistic

A

True

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3
Q

True or False: Superficial mycoses are infections of the superficial surfaces of skin (e.g stratum corneum)
and hair. They do NOT involve tissue invasion or inflammation.

A

True

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4
Q

Tinea (pityriasis) versicolor is an example of a ___ mycoses.

Which etiological agent is responsible for causing it?
A. E. coli
B. M. furfur
C. Histoplasma
D. Coccidioides

A

Superficial ; B.) M. furfur

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5
Q

True or False: Tinea versicolor is lipophobic and contagious

A

False - it is lipoPHILIC and NOT contagious

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6
Q

True or False: Tinea versicolor arises due to overgrowth of normal flora

A

True

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7
Q

How can you diagnose T. versicolor using Wood’s Lamp?

A

Hyper-pigmentation
- Lesions will fluoresce
- YELLOW

Hypo-pigmentation

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8
Q

Which of the following skin conditions reveals yeast that has a “spaghetti and meatballs” appearance?

A

Tinea Versicolor

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

What are the two big groups of Cutaneous Mycoses known as?

A
  1. Dermatophyoses: Molds
    - Microsporum
    - Epidermophyton
    - Trichophyton
  2. Dermatophyoses: Yeasts
    - Candida spp.
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11
Q

Etiological agents that cause cutaneous mycoses are normally called ___

A

dermatophytes

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12
Q

Cutaneous mycoses grown on hair, skin and nails and can utilize ___, but are inhibited by ___

A

keratin; blood

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13
Q

True or False: Cutaneous mycoses are transmitted directly and are associated with tissue invasion, as well as mild inflammation

A

False - associated with no tissue invasion + mild inflammation

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14
Q

What are dermpatophytes (cutaneous mycoses) preferred host?

A

1) Man
2) Lower animals
3) Soil with hair, skin, feathers

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15
Q

Trichophyton infects __, __, and ___

Epidermophyton only infects ___ and ___

Microsporum infects __ and ___

A

hair, skin, and nails

skin and nails

hair and skin

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16
Q

True or False: Tinea ___ is an example of a cutaneous mycoses

A

True

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17
Q

Dermatophytes with a red ring lesion, that is scaly, grows outwards, is often called ___

A

ringworm

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18
Q

True or False: 10% KOH wet mount preparation can be used to dx cutaneous mycoses

A

True

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19
Q

How can you examine microscopic morphology of microconidia and
macroconidia (aka: cutaneous mycoses)?

A

Lactopheno cotton blue staining

20
Q

Which type of mycoses
result from traumatic implantation (via: skin penetration ) of fungi through the skin, which produces local lesions?
A. Cutaneous
B. Deep
C. Muscular
D. Subcutaneous

A

D. Subcutaneous

21
Q

Sporothrinx, a ___ fungus
can cause a subcutaneous mycosis condition known as _____

A

Dimorphic; Sporotichosis

22
Q

True or False: Sporothrix is found in gardens and is typically transmitted via traumatic implantation of fungus into the skin (e.g “rose gardener’s disease)

A

True

23
Q

____ is a condition characterized by nodular lesions, which often follow the lymphatic pathway, and are associated with chronic infection. Is it NOT contagious!

A

Sporotichosis

24
Q

Name the three systemic/endemic dimorphic fungi (true pathogens)

  • Pathogens can produce disease in healthy host, initiated by inhalation of spores
A
  1. Coccidioides
  2. Histoplasma
  3. Blastomyces
25
Q

True or False: Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis are both endemic and dimorphic fungi

A

True

26
Q

The endemic mycoses is associated with ____

A

soil
bird/bat dropping
wood rotting

27
Q

Which condition would one likely see if one infected by one of these endemic fungi?

A

Asymptomatic 1 pulm infection

28
Q

Match the following

A. Coccidioides
B. Histoplasma
C. Blastomyces

A
29
Q

_____: conidia that develop
within the hyphae; asexual spore
in the environment/culture)

A

Arthroconidia

30
Q

Coccidioides immitis in the Lung is seen as a spherule containing many ____

A

endospores

31
Q

C. immitis causes ___ ___

A

Valley fever

32
Q

In coccidiomycosis, spherules divide internally until they are filled with ___

A

endospore

33
Q

Blastomyces dermatitis (blastomycosis) causes ___ ____

A

cave disease

34
Q

Large, broad-base,
unipolar budding yeast suggests ____, which is a blastomyces dermatitis

Narrow-based buds of budding yeast suggests ____

A

blastomycosis

H.capsulatum (histoplasmosis)

35
Q

What are four opportunistic fungi?

A
36
Q

True or False: C. albicans is found on Normal flora of skin, oral
cavity, urogenital tract
+ most infections occur as a result of endogenous strains

A

True

37
Q

Thrush, vaginitis are caused by _____

A

C. albicans

38
Q

How can you dx C. albicans?

A

Germ tube test
positive

39
Q

What is the main virulence used by Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Encapsulated yeast

40
Q

True or False: Another common form of cryptococcosis is central nervous system infection, such as: meningoencephalitis. Skin lesions may also occur

A

True

41
Q

If an IC patient is infected with Cryptococcus neoformans, it could lead to serious infection – particularly in the ___ ____

A

nervous system

42
Q

Which opportunisitic fungi requires india ink staining to see capsule directly from spinal fluid?

A

Cryptococcus

43
Q

Aspergillus is a mold that can be transmitted via: inhalation or ____, which causes cutaneous aspergillosis

A

Direct contact with break in the skin (surgery/burn wound)

44
Q

______: cavities in the
lungs and fungal balls (aspergillomas) may also be
present in the lungs

A

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

45
Q

True or False: Invasive aspergillosis affects the lungs, but it can also
spread to other parts of the body (sinus, cerebral, or
cutaneous sites)

Cutaneous (skin) aspergillosis: direct or dissemination
from lung.

A

True

46
Q

Which opportunistic fungi
is a protozoan like fungi (yeast-like fungus) that can cause pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) – which is pulmonary?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Medical Microbiology (31 decks)

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