L 25 - CONDENSED Flashcards
How is malaria transmitted?
Female Anopheles mosquito
True or False: Malaria is caused by obligate, intracellular protozoan parasites
True
P. vivax only infects which cell type?
A. RBC
B. Reticulocytes
C. RBC of all ages
B. Reticulocytes (immature RBC’s)
Schuffner’s Dots are associated with:
A. P. ovale
B. P. malariae
C. P. vivax
D. P. falciparum
C. P. vivax
____ is a benign tertian malaria where as ___ is a malignant tertian malaria
A. P. vivax; P. falciparum
B. P. falciparum; P. vivax
C. P. vivax; P. ovale
P. vivax; P. falciparum
True or False: P. falciparum is the most severe form of malaria because it infects RBC OF ALL AGES
True
- Thankfully, there’s a vaccine available
True or False: Ovale malaria causes a fever ever 3rd day, but milder than P. vivax. It is the least common of all species
True
Schuffner dots, gametocytes and infect red cells, with fibrated edges suggest…
A. P. ovale
B. P. vivx
C. P. falciparum
A. P. ovale
Band-shaped trophozoites suggest…
A. P. ovale
B. P. vivx
C. P. falciparum
D. P. malariae
D. P. malariae
True or False: P. vivax (benign) and P. ovale (milder) can lead to relapse – P. falciparum and P. malarie (quartan) do not lead to relapse
True
Which is the most mild form of malaria?
A. P. vivax
B. P. falciparum
C. P. malariae
D. P. ovale
D. P. ovale
Which phase of the malaria life cycle occurs in the definitive host (mosquito)? Which phase occurs in humans (intermediate host?
Sexual phase (sporogony)
- mosquito (definitive host)
Asexual phase
(schizogony)
- human (intermediate host)
In sporogony phase of malaria, ingestion of ____ by mosquito occurs and ____ are produced
A. gametocytes; sporozoites
B. sporozoites; gametocytes
A. gametocytes; sporozoites
During which phase of malaria are schizonts made, which release merozoites?
A. Schizogony (asexual)
B. Sporogony (sexual)
A. Schizogony (asexual)
Sporozoites migrate through bloodstream to liver, where they form ____
Infected hepatocytes rupture and release _____, which invade RBC
The merozoite becomes a ____ (ring form) in RBC
merozoites
trophozoite
True or False: During the malaria life cycle, hypnozoites remain in liver
True
True or False: During the malaria life cycle, in the RBC, the trophozoite multiplies, producing new merozoite (differentiates into erythrocytic schizont with merozoites(
True
_____: Infective form for humans, found in salivary gland of female anopheline mosquito. Quickly homes into liver to become hepatic SCHIZONT
A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite
B. Sporozoite
_____ latent form found in hepatocyte, made by species that cause relapsing malaria (P.vivax and ovale) – may persist in liver for years before releasing merozoites (via rupture)
A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite
C. Hypnozoite
In malaria, _____ refers to reactivation of infection via hypnozoites
relapse
______: Actively growing amoeboid feeding forms (aka: ring forms) – found intracellularly in RBC. Develops into SCHIZONTS with more MEROZOITES.
A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite
D. Trophozoite
____: Form developed from a trophozoite (has undergone asexual multplication) – found in the exo-erythocytic schizont
A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite
A. Schizont (erythrocytic)
____ (hepatic and erythrocytes): end product of schizony. They are the daughter cells of a schizont. Release from liver cells or RBC, but infect more RBC’s.
A. Schizont
B. Sporozoite
C. Hypnozoite
D. Trophozoite
E. Merozoite
E. Merozoite
____: Pre-gamete stages which can mature into gametes when acquire by Anopheles.
Microgametocytes in ___
Macrogametocytes in ___
Gametocytes
Microgametocytes = male
Macrogametocytes = females
True or False: Malaria vaccines target sporozoites
True
True or False: P. vivax and P. ovale form hypnozoites
True
True or False: Schizonts and mature trophs of P. falciparum are hard to find
True
True or False: Cyclic paroxysms are synchronized with schizogony
True
What triggers cyclic paroxysms?
Synchronous rupture of infected erythrocytes/release of merozoites
True or False: A paroxysm is a sudden recurrence of disease + worsening of sx
True
What causes the Prodrome in malaria? Paroxysm?
Prodrome
- early synchronicity
Paroxysm
- massive, synchronous lysis of erythrocytes + release of merozoites + parasite metabolic waste products
Most of the pathologic findings of malaria result from destruction of ____ via: 1) release of merozoites and 2) sequestering by spleen, following my lysis
RBC
Hemoglobinuria (dark urine) as well as occulusion of capillaries are symptoms of which type of malaria?
P. falciparum
How do you confirm malaria?
Thick (identify organisms) and thin smears (species) of blood stains with G. stain
What is the vector that carries B. microti (Babesiosis)? Reservoir?
Vector: Tick
Reservoir: White footed mouse
True or False: Similar to malaria, Babesia microti has a exoerythrocytic stage (liver stage)
False - while malaria has an exoerythrocytic stage (liver stage) Babesia does NOT have a liver stage
True or False: Persistent fever, not recurrent suggests Babesiosis
True
You look under a microscope and see lysis of erythrocytes by the parasite. Patient complains of hemolytic anemia and has elevated liver function tests.
Which microbe were they likely infected by??
Babesiosis (B. microti)
Classic maltese cross, which forms a tetrad, suggests which condition?
Babesiosis
Toxoplasmosis is a sporozoan and obilgate intracellular parasite that has which two trophozoite forms in humans?
1) Tachyzoite
- actively proliferating
- infects mononuclear phagocytes
2) Bradyzoite
- cyst that harbors dominant form
-brain/cardiac/sk m
Who is the definitive host of Toxoplasmosis? The intermediate host?
Definitive: Cat
Intermediate: Humans
True or False: In human host, Toxoplasmosis parasites form tissue cysts
True
True or False: Unsporulated oocysts are shed in cat feces – in toxoplasmosis
True
In toxoplasmosis, oocysts transform into ___ shortly after ingestion. These localize in neural/m tissue and develop into tissue cyst ____
tachyozoites; bradyzoites
CSF can be used to diagnose ____
Toxoplasmosis
