Lecture 3: Female Reproductive Physiology: Terminology and basic concepts Flashcards
What is the most external surface of the ovary
Germinal epithelium
What is internal to the germinal epithelium of the ovary
Tunica albuginea
What region of the ovary contains follicles
Cortex
What region of the of the ovary with blood supply and lymphatics
Medulla
What are the two functions of the ovary
- Secrete hormones- estrogen and progesterone
- Produce oocytes
What is the order of events from primordial follicle to ovulating follicle or corpus albicans
- Primordial follicle
- Primary follicle (oocytes)
- Secondary follicle
- Tertiary follicle (developing antrum)
- Antral follicle
- Ovulating follicle exits ovary
OR - Corpus luteum forms
- Corpus albicans
When does the first mitotic division of the oogonium occur
Prior to birth
When are the stages of oogenesis
- Mitotic proliferation prior to birth to primary oocytes
- Arrested in first meiotic division
- After puberty, one primary oocytes reaches maturity and is ovulated for about once a month until menopause ensues-> enlarged primary oocytes
- First meiotic division completed just prior to ovulation—> creates first polar body and secondary oocytes
- Develop into second polar bodies
- Second meiotic division is completed after fertilization into mature ovum
Between birth and puberty follicles do not develop, what keeps follicles in arrest during this time
Oocytes inhibiting factor and luteinizing inhibiting factor
What factor keeps the oocyte in prophase I
Oocyte inhibiting factor
What factor prevents granulosa cells from becoming luteal tissue
Luteinizing inhibiting factor
What cells multiply by mitosis during gestation
Primordial germ cells
What cells develop 8-9 weeks gestation to after birth
Oogonia
What cells enter prophase I of meiosis and become primary oocytes
Oogonia
What cells arrest in prophase I of meiosis and then meiosis occurs before ovulation
Primary oocytes
Each oocyte is surrounded by a layer of ___ cells to make a follicle
Granulosa cells
What is the ovarian reserve
Stock of healthy follicles and oocytes. Number is established prior to birth and constantly decline from birth
How many follicles do female cows have at birth
100,000
How many follicles do female cows have at 12 months
75,000
How many follicles do female cows have at 4-6 years
21,000
How many follicles does an aged cow have
2,500
Follicles consist of what 3 types of cells
Oocyte, granulosa cells, theca cells
What is the zona pellucida
Layer of glycoproteins that occur between the oocyte and granulosa cells
The ___ membrane surrounds the outer layer of granulosa cells and the spindle-shaped theca cells
Basement