Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology III > Lecture 24: Mucosal Absorption-1 > Flashcards

Lecture 24: Mucosal Absorption-1 Flashcards

1
Q

Are end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion hydrophilic or hydrophobic

A

Hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is active transport

A

Transport of molecules that requires ATP, against concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most important active transporter

A

Na/K pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Numerous secondary active transporters depend on __gradient

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secondary active co-transporters ligands are on the ___side

A

Same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secondary active antiporter or exchanger ligands are on __sides

A

Opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What maintains the Na gradient

A

Na/K pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the tertiary active transport

A
  1. Na/K maintains Na gradient
  2. Intracellular H is transported out via Na/H anti port
  3. Cl-/HCO3- exchange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What catalyzes H+ and bicarbonate production

A

Carboanydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 forms of passive transport

A
  1. Transcellular
  2. Paracellular
  3. Facilitated diffusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is transceullar absorption

A

Ions following the electrochemical gradient through the ion channels in the apical membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is paracellular absoprtion

A

Ions follow the electrochemical gradient and osmotic pressure through tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tight junctions are freely permeable to __ and __

A

Water and small ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

Spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across membrane specific transmembrane integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What transporter dose glucose and galactose use

A

SGLT-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is SGLT-1 located

A

Next to glycocalyx enzymes on apical membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is fructose transported across the membrane

A

Facilitated diffusion via GLUT-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Once fructose is in cell it is phosphorylated and converted to ___

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Glucose is transported across the basolateral membrane via

A

Facilitated diffusion via GLUT-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Glucose movement through the basolateral space is driven by ___

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe how oral rehydration therapy works

A

Utilizes the Na+ glucose co-transporter and stimulates water reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Disorders of carbohydrate digestion and absorption are most commonly due to __deficiencies that prevent breakdown of carbohydrates to ___form

A

Enzyme, absorbable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do unabsorbed carbohydrates cause diarrhea

A

Hold water and cause osmotic diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Proteins utilized what transporter on the apical membrane

A

Amino acid co-transporter (Na)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the four co-transporters
1. Neutral AA 2. Dibasic AA 3. Dicarboxylic AA 4. Imino (proline) AA
26
Transport of di and tripeptides are coupled to ___transport
H+
27
Digested proteins are released into basolateral side and capillaries as __
Free amino acids
28
How do free amino acids cross basolateral membrane
Facilitated diffusion
29
What is aminoaciduria
Result or pancreatic insufficiency where there is a defect in the transport of a specific amino acid
30
How does aminoacidura affect di and tripeptides
It doesn’t, di and tripeptides are facilitated by H+ transporter not amino acid transporter
31
What is cystinuria
Transporter for dibasic amino acids is absent or reduced causing dibasic amino acids to be lost in urine and feces. Could result in cysteine stones
32
What is responsible for facilitating the absorption and digestion of lipids
Micelles
33
How do Micelles get lipids into cell
Simple diffusion
34
How do long chain fatty acids get into cell
Facilitated diffusion
35
95% of ingested fat is removed by __
Small intestine
36
Describe the steps in absorption of micellar contents
1. Micelles diffuse through apical membrane of the enterocyte 2. Micelles adhere to enterocyte membrane 3. Fatty acids, monoglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol diffuse from the Micelles
37
What two pathways reassemble lipids intracellular
1. Monoglyceride adulation pathway 2. Phosphatidic acid pathway
38
What is the monoglyceride acylation pathway
2 monoglycerides and fatty acyl CoA= triglycerides
39
What is the phosphatidic acid pathway
Glycolysis—> P glycerol or diOH-acetone P—> alpha glycerolP—>triglycerides
40
What are chylomcirons
Transport vehicle for lipids in lacteals. Core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by phospholipase and apoproteins
41
Fatty acids and monoglycerides are converted to ___ in ___
Triglycerides in the endoplasmic reticulum
42
What are apoproteins
Embedded in chylomicrons, serve as ligands for cell surface and cofactors for enzymes
43
Without apoproteins what happens to triglycerides
Accumulate in enterocytes
44
Chylomicrons are taken up by __
Lacteals
45
What are lacteals
Lymphatic vessels in villi that take up lipids
46
What is the draining sequence from lacteals
Lacteals to cisterna chyli-> thoracic duct-> external jugular vein
47
Intestinal lymph changes between __ and __ characters depending on ingesta processing
Watery, milky
48
How are bile acids recycled
1. Bile acid transporter (Na-bile acid secondary active) in ileum 2. Bile reabsorbed and returned to portal system 3. Processed in liver and stored in gallbladder to be later released into SI Known as enterohepatic circulation
49
If the liver does not recycle bile acids they will show up in the ___
Plasma
50
Complete or partial damage to the ___ will cause bile acid elevation as they bypass the liver which is known as ___
Portal blood flow, portosystemic shunt
51
Acquires shunts can result from ___
Liver disease
52
Congenital shunt in toy breeds
Extrahepatic shunt
53
Congenital shunt in large breed dogs
Intrahepatic
54
Accumulation of toxins and metabolic waste products from portosystemic shunts can result in ___
Hepatic encephalopathy
55
What is the main neurotoxic that builds up in hepatic encephalopathy
Ammonium
56
The bile acid tests what
Liver function and the degree of damage or inflammation
57
Describe the steps in bile acid testing
1. 12 hour fast 2. Prelimary blood draw 3. Offer small meal 4. 2 hours later take second sample
58
How should the bile test read if liver function is normal
Low initial and 2 hour levels
59
If the resting bile acid sample is elevated what does that indicated
Bile acids remain in circulation- liver disease, shunt, impaired gallbladder, gall stones
60
If the preliminary sample for bile acids is normal and the 2 hour test is elevated what does that mean
Bile acids are very slowly absorbed and escape into systemic circulation. The liver can handle bile acids between meals but not after meal

Physiology III (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions