Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COB Molecular > Lec 2.11 Cell Communication 2 > Flashcards

Lec 2.11 Cell Communication 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of some targets?

A

Adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some examples of 2nd messengers?

A

cAMP, DAG, IP3, Ca 2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some examples of effectors?

A

PKA, PKC, gated ion channels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 3 other types of signal transduction?

A

Tyrosine kinases, JAK-STAT receptors. Serine/threonine kinases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Receptor tyronsine kinases?

A

Enzyme linked receptors, that add Phoshate to tyrosine on proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the enzymatic domain of Receptor tyronsine kinases?

A

Is in the cytoplasmic tail of the integral membrane protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the importance of RTKs?

A

Mediate growth factor signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are growth factors?

A

proteins released by cells to promote growth of other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the components of RTKs?

A

Extracellular domain. Transmembrane domain. Cytoplasmic domain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when a ligand binds to RTK?

A

Causes a conformational change. Induces dimerization of 2 receptor monomers. Autophosphorylation occurs. Autophosphorylation recruits other proteins to the plasma membrane. Outside event (binding to receptor) gets transduced to a response inside the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RTK binds to what?

A

Proteins with domains called the SH2 domain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Son of sevenless (SOS)?

A

Set of genes, in humans/fruit flies. A fly can live with a mutation that causes R7 to not be there, and they can still live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 steps to RTK?

A
  1. RTK binds to SH2 of Grb2. 2. SH3 of Grb2 binds to PROLINES in SOS, which then binds to Ras. 3. Ras binds to Raf. 4. Which initiates the MAP kinase cascade, that impacts gene transcription.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is a more direct route for impacting transcription?

A

JAK-STAT receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 6 steps to JAK-STAT receptors?

A
  1. Ligand binds to receptor. 2. Receptors dimerize, then bind to JAKs. 3. JAKs P each other. 4. JAKs P receptor. 5. Receptor binds and P’s STATs. 6. STATS separate from receptors, dimerize and enter nucleus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What employs JAK-STAT to initiate signaling?

A

Erthropoeitin

17
Q

What are the 3 steps to Serine-threonine receptor and Smad?

A
  1. Serine-Threonine receptor binds to ligand and forms a dimer. 2. Activated receptor (by P) binds to R-Smad and P’s R-Smad. 3. R-Smad binds to Co-Smad and moves into nucleus.
18
Q

What is an example of Serine-threonine receptor?

A

Hepcidin.

19
Q

What is hepcidin involved in?

A

Regulator of iron homeostasis. Hormone that deals with Iron metabolism.

20
Q

What is disease Hereditary Hemochromatosis?

A

uncontrollable iron absorption. Leading to Iron overload and thus signal transuction disease.

21
Q

What does DMT1 do?

A

Iron into intestinal cell

22
Q

What does Ferroportin do?

A

Iron out of intestinal cell. Into blood.

23
Q

What does Hepcidin do when iron is well stocked?

A

Hepcidin increases. Ferroportin decreases

24
Q

What does Hepcidin do when iron is depleted?

A

Hepcidin decreased, Ferroportin increases

25
Q

What gene is involved in Hereditary Hemochromatosis?

A

HFE

26
Q

What does HFE do?

A

Found in liver, binds to transferrin receptor

27
Q

What if HFE is mutated and cant bind to TfR2?

A

Cant turn on Hepcidin, Therefore no control of ferroportin activity.

28
Q

What does lots of ferroportin lead to?

A

Iron overload.

29
Q

HFE works with what pathway to induce Hepcidin expression?

A

Smad

30
Q

How can a signal not be turned off?

A

a point mutation in codon 12 results in a change from gly to VAl and activates Ras forever.

31
Q

Mutations that turn on Ras forever result in what disease?

A

Cancer

32
Q

What is the role of Grb2-SOS-Ras-Raf in a RTK pathway?

A

RTK binds to SH2 of Grb2. SH3 of Grb2 binds to PROLINES in SOS, which then binds to Ras. Ras binds to Raf. Which initiates the MAP kinase cascade, that impacts gene transcription.

33
Q

How is phospholipase C activated?

A

Through G proteins. GCPR attaches to G alpha q or G alpha0.

34
Q

Describe how a mutation in HFE causes a signal transduction problem and leads to iron overloading in Hereditary Hemochromatosis?

A

HFE is mutated and cant bind to TfR2. Cant turn on Hepcidin, Therefore no control of ferroportin activity. Which leads to Iron overload.

COB Molecular (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions