Lec 1. DNA is the genetic material Flashcards
Carbohydrates monomer is?
monosaccharides
Carbohydrates polymer is?
disaccharide, polysaccharide
Carbohydrates bond is?
glycosidic
Lipids monomer is?
fatty acids + glycerol/sphingosine
Lipids polymer is?
triacylglycerol, phospholipids
Lipids bond is?
ester
Proteins monomer is?
Amino acids
Proteins polymer is?
polypeptide
Proteins bond is?
Peptide
Nucleic Acids monomer is?
nucleotides
Nucleic Acids polymer is?
oligonucleotides, polynucleotides
Nucleic Acids bond is?
Phosphodiester
Carbohydrates location in the cell?
storage/vacuole decorating lipids and proteins
Carbohydrates physical descriptions?
rigid, sticky
Lipids location in cell?
membranes
Lipids physical descriptions?
waxy, oil
Proteins location in the cell?
Everywhere
Proteins physical description?
Fibers, globules
Nucleic acids location in the cell?
Nucleus, mitochondria/chloroplasts, cytoplasm
Nucleic acids physical description?
viscous, snotty
What are the four characteristics of a genetic material?
Replication of self. Storage of info. Expression of info. Variation through mutation.
Which experiments dealt with transformation?
Griffith. Avery and McCarty
What did Griffith experiment do and show?
Taking virulent bacteria and avirulent bacteria and injecting it into a mouse. Virulent bacteria kills mouse, avirulent mouse lives. Heat killed virulent bacteria mouse lives. Heat killed virulent bacteria with avirulent bacteria mouse dies. This shows something transformed the avirulent bacteria into virulent. Showing indication of genetic material.
True or False? Just because something is necessary does not means that its sufficient to cause infection
True
What did McCarty and Avery experiment do and show?
Trying to show which is the genetic material, protein, RNA, or DNA. This was done by doing the same experiment as Griffith but treating each one with either protease (get rid of proteins), ribonuclease (get rid of RNA), or deoxyribonuclease (get rid of DNA). The correct one will not give virulent bacteria. Results: DNA is our genetic material.
What did Hershey and Chase experiment do and show?
Wanted to show if protein or DNA was the genetic material. This was done with bacteriophage confirmation. Made radioactive phage. Sulfur labeled protein and Phosphorous labeled DNA. Radioactive phages were mixed with non radioactive bacteria. Results: S is left outside and P is left inside the bacteria. DNA is the genetic material.
What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose (sugar), phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
Which nitrogenous bases are Purines?
A,G
Which nitrogenous bases are Pyrimidines?
C,T, U (RNA)
True or False? Doesn’t matter identity of base pair, it will always be the same width
True
Through what group are the nucleotides linked through?
Phosphate group
What is the function of DNA?
Storage
What is the function of RNA?
Transport, catalysis, regulation
What is the structure of DNA?
2 strands
What is the structure of RNA?
1 strand
What is the sugar of DNA?
Deoxyribose
What is the sugar of RNA?
Ribose
What are the Pyrimidines of DNA?
C,T
What are the Pyrimidines of RNA?
C,U
What are the Purines of DNA?
A,G
What are the Purines of RNA?
A,G
What is the anatomy of a gene (DNA)?
Regulatory, promoter, coding region, regulatory
What is the anatomy of a gene (mRNA)?
5’UTR, Exons and introns, 3’UTR, polyA tail
