3.5 cancer 2 Flashcards
What are the two categories of tumor suppressor genes?
- proteins that normally restrict cell growth. 2. proteins that maintain integrity of the genome
Which of the two type of tumor suppressor gene categories is associated with AT
proteins that maintain integrity of the genome
What genes are associated with retinoblastoma?
tumor suppressor genes
What are the 2 forms of retinoblastoma?
Hereditary and sporadic
What % are hereditary and sporadic?
40% familial and 60% sporadic
Hereditary and sporadic affect how many eyes?
Hereditary effects both and sporadic affects one.
How does hereditary form Rb?
People only have one good copy of Rb gene and they loss or it gets deleted in every cell.
How many mutations need to happen in both hereditary and sporadic to form Rb?
familial needs 1 and sporadic needs 2.
What 4 things is p53 involved in?
cell cycle arrest, dna repair, apoptosis, and block of angiogenesis.
In what two ways is p53 a gene regulatory protein?
Stimulates transcription of p21. Also activates pro apoptotic proteins BH123 and BH-3 only
Where does colorectal cancer arise?
Epithelial lining of large intestine.
What is a precursor for colorectal cancer?
Polyp
What two mutations cause colorectal cancers?
40% point mutation in K-Ras and 60% inactivating mutation of p53.
What is an important mutation for colorectal cancer?
Apc mutation
Patients with FAP have what?
inactivating mutations or deletion of one copy of Apc
how does chemotherapy cure cancer?
Stops cell division.
What are the issues with chemotherapy?
Stops rapid dividing cells in the whole body like hair cells, stomach, blood cells. Thus loss of hair, nausea, anemia.
What is responsible for CML?
philadelphia chromosome. Translocation between chrom 9 and 22.
What is abl?
Tyrosine kinase for cell signaling
How does Bcr-abl form?
Chromosomal translocation
What does Bcr-abl do?
Cell proliferation, CML
How do you treat CML?
gleevac
How are oncogenes activated?*
Gene amplification, chromosome rearrangement, regulatory mutation. point mutation.
What is the dif between benign and malignant tumor?**
Benign tumor doesn’t move but a malignant tumor has the ability to invade surrounding tissues.
Why is colon cancer one of the most treatable cancers?**
Slow disease progression. Polyp is a precursor to cancer. Cut polyp and its a cure.
How does Gleevac work?
Gleevec takes the place of ATP on Bcr-Abl. Substrate not changed.
