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COB Molecular > 2.3. Intracellular Compartments and protein sorting 1. > Flashcards

2.3. Intracellular Compartments and protein sorting 1. Flashcards

1
Q

Where are proteins translated?

A

On ribosomes in the cytosol

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2
Q

Define protein sorting

A

Identifying their destination

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3
Q

Define protein trafficking

A

More about movement than the destination.

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4
Q

What are the 3 basic compartments that the cell is divided in?

A

Nucleus-cytosol. Secretory/Endocytic pathway organelles, and mitochondria.

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5
Q

What is the nucleus-cytosol bridge by?

A

Nuclear pores

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6
Q

What is the secretory/Endocytic pathway organelles bridged by?

A

Vesicles

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7
Q

Is the nuclear membrane of the nucleus continous with the ER?

A

yes

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8
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Where DNA, RNA synthesized. Ribsomes are assembled in the nucleolus

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9
Q

What does the cytoplasm consist of?

A

Cytosol + organelles

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10
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Metabolism

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11
Q

What if the function of the ER?

A

Ca storage and signaling.

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12
Q

What is the function of the R ER?

A

protein/lipid syntheses

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13
Q

What is the function of the S ER?

A

Protein folding+quality control

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14
Q

The rough ER has the highest what?

A

Surface area. Saying proteins are important.

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15
Q

What is the function of the golgi?

A

Protein/lipid modifications. Trafficking center

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16
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Degradation of organelles and biomolecules.

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17
Q

How many membranes does the mitochondria have?

A

2

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18
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Energy metabolism

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19
Q

What is one way to add surface area?

A

folding

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20
Q

What does it mean that the mitochondria is the 2nd with most volume?

A

Much energy is needed for the cell

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21
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

photosynthesis

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22
Q

What is the function of the peroxisome?

A

Like lysosomes but use Oxidation rxns unlike the lysosomes who use low PH

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23
Q

What is the endosymbiosis theory?

A

Mitochondria was engulfed by another cell. Slowly becoming part of that cell itself.

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24
Q

What is the matrix equivalent to in an intact cell?

A

Cytosol

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25
Q

What do your answers mean for carbohydrate metabolism in bac?

A

Across outer membrane in bac

26
Q

Why do mitochondria contain DNA?

A

Originally were an intact cell, that got engulfed.

27
Q

What genes are in the mitochondrial genome?

A

Not enough to sustain life anymore. Just important ones to perform functions in the mitochondria

28
Q

Whu is the universal genetic code not used in mitochondria?

A

They use a modified genetic code. This was engulfed before out current genetic code was the universal genetic code

29
Q

Why is the mitochondria not equivalent to any other compartment?

A

So many membranes to cross

30
Q

What are the 3 types of transport?

A

Gated, Transmembrane and vesicular

31
Q

What uses gated transport?

A

Cytosol nucleus. Equivalent compartments

32
Q

What uses Transmembrane transport?

A

Cytosol –> organelle. distinct compartments

33
Q

What uses vesicular transport?

A

Organelle Organelle. Equivalent compartments

34
Q

What is a vesicle and what does it do?

A

Is a membrane bubble. Created by budding off an exisiting membrane. It fuses with target membrane, leacing its cargo into the next organelle.

35
Q

What is the facilitator for Gated transport?

A

NPC

36
Q

What is the facilitator for Transmembrane transport?

A

Translocator

37
Q

What is the facilitator for vesicular transport?

A

vesicle

38
Q

Which of the two transports leads to the membrane being crossed?

A

Gated and transmembrane

39
Q

What are sorting signals?

A

Determine where proteins end up.

40
Q

What is a signal patch?

A

Not all sorting signals are in a single location. Signal patch consolidates many scattered sequences.

41
Q

Are sorting signals necessary or sufficient for protein targeting?

A

Both.

42
Q

How and when are sorting signals cleaved?

A

With signal peptidase after protein reaches final destination

43
Q

What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to nucleus?

A

+ charge, internal

44
Q

What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is exporting from nucleus??

A

amphipathic, internal

45
Q

What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to mitochondria?

A

+ charge, N-term

46
Q

What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to ER?

A

hydrophobic core, N-term

47
Q

What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is returning to ER?

A

AA sequence: KDEL. Mixed. C-term.

48
Q

What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to plastid?

A

hydroxlys, N-term

49
Q

What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to peroxisomes?

A

Mixed, C-term

50
Q

What are some features of Nucleus to cytosol and vice versa?

A

Gated, selective, bidirectional.

51
Q

What signal is needed to go from Nucleus –> cytosol?

A

NES

52
Q

What signal is needed to go from Cytosol to nucleus

A

NLS

53
Q

What signal is needed to go bi direction from either Nucleus to cytosol or cytosol to nucleus ?

A

NES and NLS

54
Q

True or False? Nucleur pores are gaping holes.

A

False. Gated and selective

55
Q

What are NPCs?

A

Nuclear pore complexes that allows fast simultaneous bidirectional passage to molecules.

56
Q

What are the 4 categories of nuclear porins?

A

Scaffold, ring, channel, fibrils

57
Q

What does the scaffold do?

A

Stabilize membrane

58
Q

What does the ring do?

A

Anchors to membrane

59
Q

What is the channel?

A

Connectors and gates (FG repeats)

60
Q

What are the fribrils?

A

Neither structured nor symmetrical

COB Molecular (36 decks)

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