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COB Molecular > 2.3. Intracellular Compartments and protein sorting 1. > Flashcards

2.3. Intracellular Compartments and protein sorting 1. Flashcards

1
Q

Where are proteins translated?

A

On ribosomes in the cytosol

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2
Q

Define protein sorting

A

Identifying their destination

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3
Q

Define protein trafficking

A

More about movement than the destination.

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4
Q

What are the 3 basic compartments that the cell is divided in?

A

Nucleus-cytosol. Secretory/Endocytic pathway organelles, and mitochondria.

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5
Q

What is the nucleus-cytosol bridge by?

A

Nuclear pores

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6
Q

What is the secretory/Endocytic pathway organelles bridged by?

A

Vesicles

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7
Q

Is the nuclear membrane of the nucleus continous with the ER?

A

yes

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8
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Where DNA, RNA synthesized. Ribsomes are assembled in the nucleolus

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9
Q

What does the cytoplasm consist of?

A

Cytosol + organelles

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10
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Metabolism

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11
Q

What if the function of the ER?

A

Ca storage and signaling.

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12
Q

What is the function of the R ER?

A

protein/lipid syntheses

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13
Q

What is the function of the S ER?

A

Protein folding+quality control

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14
Q

The rough ER has the highest what?

A

Surface area. Saying proteins are important.

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15
Q

What is the function of the golgi?

A

Protein/lipid modifications. Trafficking center

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16
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Degradation of organelles and biomolecules.

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17
Q

How many membranes does the mitochondria have?

A

2

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18
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Energy metabolism

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19
Q

What is one way to add surface area?

A

folding

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20
Q

What does it mean that the mitochondria is the 2nd with most volume?

A

Much energy is needed for the cell

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21
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

photosynthesis

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22
Q

What is the function of the peroxisome?

A

Like lysosomes but use Oxidation rxns unlike the lysosomes who use low PH

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23
Q

What is the endosymbiosis theory?

A

Mitochondria was engulfed by another cell. Slowly becoming part of that cell itself.

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24
Q

What is the matrix equivalent to in an intact cell?

A

Cytosol

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25
What do your answers mean for carbohydrate metabolism in bac?
Across outer membrane in bac
26
Why do mitochondria contain DNA?
Originally were an intact cell, that got engulfed.
27
What genes are in the mitochondrial genome?
Not enough to sustain life anymore. Just important ones to perform functions in the mitochondria
28
Whu is the universal genetic code not used in mitochondria?
They use a modified genetic code. This was engulfed before out current genetic code was the universal genetic code
29
Why is the mitochondria not equivalent to any other compartment?
So many membranes to cross
30
What are the 3 types of transport?
Gated, Transmembrane and vesicular
31
What uses gated transport?
Cytosol nucleus. Equivalent compartments
32
What uses Transmembrane transport?
Cytosol --> organelle. distinct compartments
33
What uses vesicular transport?
Organelle Organelle. Equivalent compartments
34
What is a vesicle and what does it do?
Is a membrane bubble. Created by budding off an exisiting membrane. It fuses with target membrane, leacing its cargo into the next organelle.
35
What is the facilitator for Gated transport?
NPC
36
What is the facilitator for Transmembrane transport?
Translocator
37
What is the facilitator for vesicular transport?
vesicle
38
Which of the two transports leads to the membrane being crossed?
Gated and transmembrane
39
What are sorting signals?
Determine where proteins end up.
40
What is a signal patch?
Not all sorting signals are in a single location. Signal patch consolidates many scattered sequences.
41
Are sorting signals necessary or sufficient for protein targeting?
Both.
42
How and when are sorting signals cleaved?
With signal peptidase after protein reaches final destination
43
What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to nucleus?
+ charge, internal
44
What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is exporting from nucleus??
amphipathic, internal
45
What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to mitochondria?
+ charge, N-term
46
What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to ER?
hydrophobic core, N-term
47
What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is returning to ER?
AA sequence: KDEL. Mixed. C-term.
48
What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to plastid?
hydroxlys, N-term
49
What is the biochemical feature and location on the protein of a signal sequence that is importing to peroxisomes?
Mixed, C-term
50
What are some features of Nucleus to cytosol and vice versa?
Gated, selective, bidirectional.
51
What signal is needed to go from Nucleus --> cytosol?
NES
52
What signal is needed to go from Cytosol to nucleus
NLS
53
What signal is needed to go bi direction from either Nucleus to cytosol or cytosol to nucleus ?
NES and NLS
54
True or False? Nucleur pores are gaping holes.
False. Gated and selective
55
What are NPCs?
Nuclear pore complexes that allows fast simultaneous bidirectional passage to molecules.
56
What are the 4 categories of nuclear porins?
Scaffold, ring, channel, fibrils
57
What does the scaffold do?
Stabilize membrane
58
What does the ring do?
Anchors to membrane
59
What is the channel?
Connectors and gates (FG repeats)
60
What are the fribrils?
Neither structured nor symmetrical

COB Molecular (36 decks)

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