LANDERS TASTE AND SMELL II Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three cranial nerves for taste?

A

CN 7,9,10

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2
Q

how do taste receptors identify substances?

A

need an aqueous media to identify substances

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3
Q

what is the main NT for taste?

A

serotonin

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4
Q

CN VII?

A

anterior 2/3s of tongue and palate

associated with the chorda tympanic nerve associated also with genicular ganglia

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5
Q

CN IX?

A

posterior 1/3 tongue

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6
Q

CN X?

A

root of tongue

sulcus terminalis divides the anterior 2/3s from post 1/3

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7
Q

where do the second order cells of the taste receptors lie?

A

superior portion of the solitary nucleus

gustatory nucleus (upper) lower portion (visceral)

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8
Q

why are NTs required?

A

taste buds do not have direct connection to the 1st order cell body in the ganglia

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9
Q

this taste sensation is located on the posterior tongue at the root?

A

bitterness

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10
Q

this taste sensation is found on the middle sides of the tongue?

A

sourness

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11
Q

this taste sensation is found on the anterior sides of the tongue?

A

saltiness

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12
Q

this taste sensation is found on the anterior tip of the tongue?

A

sweetness

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13
Q

what are the five types of papilla on the tongue?

A

filiform
fungiform
foliate
vallate

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14
Q

this type of papilla has nothing to do with taste?

A

filiform

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15
Q

this type of papilla is the largest amount of associated taste buds?

A

fungiform

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16
Q

this type of papilla is found on the sides of the tongue or lateral border and this disease is what turns the tongue white?

A

foliate

hyperkeratosis

17
Q

this type of papilla are the taste buds?

A

vallate

18
Q

this nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve but has no taste components

A

lingual nerve

19
Q

where do the taste components come from?

A

chorda tympani which run with the lingual and is a branch of the facial nerve

20
Q

these specific types of taste bind to and block ion channels

this type of taste will be bitter and usually signifies poisons

this type of taste receptor binds to membrane receptors which activate 2nd messengers that open or close channels

A

sour and bitter

alkaline

sweet, bitter, umami

21
Q

this specific taste rxn is for animals looking for sources of energy intake

increases cAMP internal Ca++

blocks selective K+ channels

A

sweet taste rxns

22
Q

this specific taste rxn is associated with osmolarity/concentration

blocked by amiloride

controls blood pressure and the distal convoluted tubule affects the sodium channel

Na channels open leading to calcium entry into cell, release of serotonin

A

saltiness taste rxns

23
Q

this specific taste rxn is proton induced, directly related to pH, H+ can permeate through Na+ channels and depolarize the receptor cell, blocks K+channels and also uses amilioride

H+ inhibits K+ channels so depolarization occurs and calcium inters the cell so serotonin is released

A

sourness taste rxns

24
Q

this specific taste rxn os used to indicate poison or toxin detectors

binds and blocks K+ channels and opens voltage gated calcium channels

A

bitterness taste rxns

25
Q

this specific taste rxn is when you have glutamate binding cation channels, inotropic glutamate receptor, opens voltage gated Ca++ channels;s

MSG

like a cardiac cell

A

umami taste rxns

26
Q

what is the release of serotonin in relation to taste?

A

primary NT for taste sensation

27
Q

what is the order of processing taste sensation?

A

tongue
gustatory nucleus
VPM
gustatory cortex

28
Q

this disorder of taste is loss of taste due to damage of receptors, smoking, cranial nerve lesions?

A

aguesia

29
Q

this disorder of taste is distortion of taste sensation?

i.e. of causes
xerostomia
zinc
amytriptyline
vincristine
A

dysgeusia

30
Q

this type of dysgeusia is when you have dry mouth caused by thiazide diuretics?

A

xerostomia

31
Q

this type of dysgeusia occurs when you take this type of supplement?

A

zinc

32
Q

emotional diseases treated with this medication can result in dysgeusia?

A

amytriptyline

33
Q

chemotherapy treated with this medication can result n dysgeusia?

A

vincristine

34
Q

this aura occurs as a result when a person tastes something right before having a seizure?

A

gustatory auras

35
Q

what are the examples of gustatory hallucinations?

A

encephalitis- inflammation of brain
lesions of temporal and parietal cortex- superior temporal gyrus
psychosis- altered mental status