LANDERS TASTE AND SMELL II Flashcards
what are the three cranial nerves for taste?
CN 7,9,10
how do taste receptors identify substances?
need an aqueous media to identify substances
what is the main NT for taste?
serotonin
CN VII?
anterior 2/3s of tongue and palate
associated with the chorda tympanic nerve associated also with genicular ganglia
CN IX?
posterior 1/3 tongue
CN X?
root of tongue
sulcus terminalis divides the anterior 2/3s from post 1/3
where do the second order cells of the taste receptors lie?
superior portion of the solitary nucleus
gustatory nucleus (upper) lower portion (visceral)
why are NTs required?
taste buds do not have direct connection to the 1st order cell body in the ganglia
this taste sensation is located on the posterior tongue at the root?
bitterness
this taste sensation is found on the middle sides of the tongue?
sourness
this taste sensation is found on the anterior sides of the tongue?
saltiness
this taste sensation is found on the anterior tip of the tongue?
sweetness
what are the five types of papilla on the tongue?
filiform
fungiform
foliate
vallate
this type of papilla has nothing to do with taste?
filiform
this type of papilla is the largest amount of associated taste buds?
fungiform
this type of papilla is found on the sides of the tongue or lateral border and this disease is what turns the tongue white?
foliate
hyperkeratosis
this type of papilla are the taste buds?
vallate
this nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve but has no taste components
lingual nerve
where do the taste components come from?
chorda tympani which run with the lingual and is a branch of the facial nerve
these specific types of taste bind to and block ion channels
this type of taste will be bitter and usually signifies poisons
this type of taste receptor binds to membrane receptors which activate 2nd messengers that open or close channels
sour and bitter
alkaline
sweet, bitter, umami
this specific taste rxn is for animals looking for sources of energy intake
increases cAMP internal Ca++
blocks selective K+ channels
sweet taste rxns
this specific taste rxn is associated with osmolarity/concentration
blocked by amiloride
controls blood pressure and the distal convoluted tubule affects the sodium channel
Na channels open leading to calcium entry into cell, release of serotonin
saltiness taste rxns
this specific taste rxn is proton induced, directly related to pH, H+ can permeate through Na+ channels and depolarize the receptor cell, blocks K+channels and also uses amilioride
H+ inhibits K+ channels so depolarization occurs and calcium inters the cell so serotonin is released
sourness taste rxns
this specific taste rxn os used to indicate poison or toxin detectors
binds and blocks K+ channels and opens voltage gated calcium channels
bitterness taste rxns
this specific taste rxn is when you have glutamate binding cation channels, inotropic glutamate receptor, opens voltage gated Ca++ channels;s
MSG
like a cardiac cell
umami taste rxns
what is the release of serotonin in relation to taste?
primary NT for taste sensation
what is the order of processing taste sensation?
tongue
gustatory nucleus
VPM
gustatory cortex
this disorder of taste is loss of taste due to damage of receptors, smoking, cranial nerve lesions?
aguesia
this disorder of taste is distortion of taste sensation?
i.e. of causes xerostomia zinc amytriptyline vincristine
dysgeusia
this type of dysgeusia is when you have dry mouth caused by thiazide diuretics?
xerostomia
this type of dysgeusia occurs when you take this type of supplement?
zinc
emotional diseases treated with this medication can result in dysgeusia?
amytriptyline
chemotherapy treated with this medication can result n dysgeusia?
vincristine
this aura occurs as a result when a person tastes something right before having a seizure?
gustatory auras
what are the examples of gustatory hallucinations?
encephalitis- inflammation of brain
lesions of temporal and parietal cortex- superior temporal gyrus
psychosis- altered mental status
