LANDERS TASTE AND SMELL

Question 1

what components are involved in the sensation of smell?

Answer 1

SSA-ability to sense the environment

SVA-smell

Question 2

how does the oderant molecules pass into the olfactory nerves?

Answer 2

the nose mucous must be moist in order for the odorants to dissolve

Question 3

where are odors processed?

Answer 3

olfactory bulbs via bipolar cells, this is where the synaptic junction is found

Question 4

where are the bipolar chemoreceptors found?

Answer 4

each side of the superior portion of the nasal chamber

Question 5

this is the term used for animals with a strong sense of smell

Answer 5

macrosomatic

Question 6

concha is covered with this type of epithelium?

Answer 6

pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

Question 7

where do the olfactory nerves sit?`

Answer 7

deep to the epithelium

Question 8

T/F, odors are receptor specific compiled?

Answer 8

T

Question 9

how offend to odor receptors turn over?

Answer 9

4-8 weeks

Question 10

where do the processes of the olfactory receptors synapse?

Answer 10

between the cribriform plate and mitral cell in the olfactory bulb (2nd order)

Question 11

regions of the olfactory bulb are called?

Answer 11

glomeruli

Question 12

these types of cells engage 1 glomerulus at a time?

Answer 12

mitral and tufted cells

more tufted cells than mitral

Question 13

briefly describe the tufted cells?

Answer 13

small and more peripheral

Question 14

activated mitral cells release this NT which stimulates this cells?

Answer 14

glutamate

granule cell

Question 15

what is the significance of periglomerular cells?

Answer 15

inhibitory interneurons that make connections within and between glomeruli so we can focus on one smell

Question 16

glomeruli not stimulated by glutamate are shut down by?

Answer 16

GABA

Question 17

mitral cells not stimulated will be shut off by?

Answer 17

granule cells

Question 18

mitral and tufted cells contribute to formation of this?

Answer 18

the formation of the olfactory tract containing two bundles of mitral cell processes

lateral olfactory stria

medial olfactory stria

Question 19

this portion of the olfactory tract is associated with:

olfactory reflexes
broadmann #34
amygdala
1 olfactory cortex (dorsomedial sulcus of thalamus for discrimination) then to entorhinal cortex (BA#28)

Answer 19

lateral olfactory stria

Question 20

this portion of the olfactory tract is associated with:

travels to opposite olfactory tract through anterior commissure where it crosses
then to amygdala to determine where smell is coming from

Answer 20

medial olfactory stria

Question 21

what is the effect of granule cells?

Answer 21

inhibitory effect of non-activated mitral cells through GABA NT

Question 22

only area that pathways that go to the thalamus?

Answer 22

anterior olfactory nucleus

Question 23

recognition and memory of oderants

Answer 23

entorhinal compex

Question 24

separates 1 side of the olfactory cortex from the other

Answer 24

diagonal bands of broca

Question 25

accommodation to odors by shitting off mitral cells

Answer 25

olfactory efferent fiber

Question 26

this is the structure associated with smell that has a direct correlation between increase size and increase ability to smell

Answer 26

olfactory tubercle

Question 27

how does transduction begin?

Answer 27

they dissolve in the mucous epithelium so they can bind to cilia of the olfactory receptors which begins transduction

Question 28

these are the seven primary odors?

Answer 28

``` camphor musk floral peppermint ether pungent putrid ```

Question 29

these molecules respond to chemicals released by the body? what nerve is associated with this?

Answer 29

pheromones trigeminal nerve

Question 30

name this olfaction deficit? loss of smell

Answer 30

anosmia

Question 31

name this olfaction deficit? excessive sensitivity to smell

Answer 31

Hyperosmia

Question 32

name this olfaction deficit? decrease sensitivity to smell

Answer 32

hyposmia

Question 33

name this olfaction deficit? altered smell

Answer 33

dysosmia

Question 34

largest cause of anosmia?

Answer 34

smoking and most commonly damages receptors

Question 35

this syndrome is associated with anosmia and is due to a lack of congenital lack of olfactory receptors

Answer 35

kallmans syndrome

Question 36

this olfactory deficient can also be a result in changes of estrogen like menopause?

Answer 36

hyperosmia