LANDERS TASTE AND SMELL Flashcards
what components are involved in the sensation of smell?
SSA-ability to sense the environment
SVA-smell
how does the oderant molecules pass into the olfactory nerves?
the nose mucous must be moist in order for the odorants to dissolve
where are odors processed?
olfactory bulbs via bipolar cells, this is where the synaptic junction is found
where are the bipolar chemoreceptors found?
each side of the superior portion of the nasal chamber
this is the term used for animals with a strong sense of smell
macrosomatic
concha is covered with this type of epithelium?
pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
where do the olfactory nerves sit?`
deep to the epithelium
T/F, odors are receptor specific compiled?
T
how offend to odor receptors turn over?
4-8 weeks
where do the processes of the olfactory receptors synapse?
between the cribriform plate and mitral cell in the olfactory bulb (2nd order)
regions of the olfactory bulb are called?
glomeruli
these types of cells engage 1 glomerulus at a time?
mitral and tufted cells
more tufted cells than mitral
briefly describe the tufted cells?
small and more peripheral
activated mitral cells release this NT which stimulates this cells?
glutamate
granule cell
what is the significance of periglomerular cells?
inhibitory interneurons that make connections within and between glomeruli so we can focus on one smell
glomeruli not stimulated by glutamate are shut down by?
GABA
mitral cells not stimulated will be shut off by?
granule cells
mitral and tufted cells contribute to formation of this?
the formation of the olfactory tract containing two bundles of mitral cell processes
lateral olfactory stria
medial olfactory stria
this portion of the olfactory tract is associated with:
olfactory reflexes
broadmann #34
amygdala
1 olfactory cortex (dorsomedial sulcus of thalamus for discrimination) then to entorhinal cortex (BA#28)
lateral olfactory stria
this portion of the olfactory tract is associated with:
travels to opposite olfactory tract through anterior commissure where it crosses
then to amygdala to determine where smell is coming from
medial olfactory stria
what is the effect of granule cells?
inhibitory effect of non-activated mitral cells through GABA NT
only area that pathways that go to the thalamus?
anterior olfactory nucleus
recognition and memory of oderants
entorhinal compex
separates 1 side of the olfactory cortex from the other
diagonal bands of broca
accommodation to odors by shitting off mitral cells
olfactory efferent fiber
this is the structure associated with smell that has a direct correlation between increase size and increase ability to smell
olfactory tubercle
how does transduction begin?
they dissolve in the mucous epithelium so they can bind to cilia of the olfactory receptors which begins transduction
these are the seven primary odors?
camphor musk floral peppermint ether pungent putrid
these molecules respond to chemicals released by the body?
what nerve is associated with this?
pheromones
trigeminal nerve
name this olfaction deficit?
loss of smell
anosmia
name this olfaction deficit?
excessive sensitivity to smell
Hyperosmia
name this olfaction deficit?
decrease sensitivity to smell
hyposmia
name this olfaction deficit?
altered smell
dysosmia
largest cause of anosmia?
smoking and most commonly damages receptors
this syndrome is associated with anosmia and is due to a lack of congenital lack of olfactory receptors
kallmans syndrome
this olfactory deficient can also be a result in changes of estrogen like menopause?
hyperosmia
