CEREBRAL CORTEX

Question 1

what are the main lobes of the cortex?

Answer 1

Neo Cortical Lobes:
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

Archicortex (allocortex)
cingulate gyrus
insula

Question 2

how many cerebro-cortical lobes are there?

Answer 2

5

Question 3

what are the four general functional area?

Answer 3

sensory
motor
unimodal association cortex (higher level information)
multimodal association cortex (not motor in function, sensory, help to experience surroundings)

Question 4

what is the importance of the cerebral cortex multimodal areas?

Answer 4

communication
reasoning
long term plans
imagination

Question 5

in this functional region of the cerebral cortex, the frontal lobes have these cortex types? if there is a lesion here, what is affected?

Answer 5

precentral gyrus (primary volitional motor cortex) broadmann 4

upper motor neuron, hemiplegia

also

premotor cortex, six times larger than 4 for proximal and axial muscles, preps movement, patterns and planning (broadmann 6) than also the supplementary motor cortex (braodmann 6) being more superior and medial responsible for speech and visual cues, lesion here indicates akinesia and apraxias

Question 6

what broadmann area is responsible for the frontal eye fields? what happens if lesions happen here?

Answer 6

broadmann area 8

ocular deviation to the same side

Question 7

what are broadman areas 9-12, 45 and 46, 47 used for?

what happens if there are lesions here?

Answer 7

association cortex, abstract thinking and decision making, anticipation of a certain action, social behavior

inappropriate social behavior, loss of judgement. Alzheimers and schizophrenia

Question 8

what is broadman area 44 and 45 responsible for? what happens if there is a lesion here?

Answer 8

brocas motor speech area 44 and 45

expressive (broca’s) aphasia

Question 9

what is a homunculus?

Answer 9

inverted distorted humanoid image

Question 10

broadmann area numbers for the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe? lesion here indicates what?

Answer 10

3,1,2
3-propioception
1-slowly adapting, cutaneous sensation
2-rapidly adapting, cutaneous sensations

parasthesia and anesthesia

Question 11

the broadmann area numbers for the superior parietal lobe found in the sensory association cortex? lesion here indicates what?

Answer 11

5, 7

5- tactile decrimination
7- plays a role in movements

asteroagnosia, astatagnosia (loss of discriminative touch)

Question 12

the supra marginal gyrus is what broadmann area? what is the affect if there is a lesion here?

Answer 12

broadman area 40 responsible for auditory and visual input

astereoagnosia, apraxia, loss of body schema with contralateral hemispatial neglect, R-lobe being most common

Question 13

what are the types of apraxias?

Answer 13

ideational (sensory), Bucco, oro) facial

Question 14

this type of ideational (sensory) is characterized by the inability to formulate an image of the required movement, difficulty in performing complex task, seen in Alzheimers and infarct related dementia?

Answer 14

ideational (sensory)

Question 15

this type of apraxia is the inability to perform facial oral movements on command?

Answer 15

bucco, oro facial

Question 16

the angular gyrus is what broadmann area? function and effect of lesion here?

Answer 16

broadmann area 39
interpretation and expression of language via visual stimuli, conversion of syllables into sounds

Alexia, agraphia, right-left confusion

Question 17

the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe is what broadmann area? function and effect of lesion?

Answer 17

broadmann area 17, primary visual cortex, lesions indicate blindness, visual hallucinations, and prosopagnosia (loss of recognition of familiar faces)

Question 18

what is the effect of a lesion in the primary auditory cortex found in the temporal lobe?

Answer 18

broadman area 41,42

parietal deafness

Question 19

what is the wernicke’s receptive speech Area Posterior area broadmann area number?

Answer 19

broadmann area 22 and so if this is affected than

a patient may be able to produce speech, but cannot understand the speech of others.

Question 20

what is the wernickes area interconnected too?

Answer 20

brocas area and broadmann 37, Broadmann area 44 and 45 for brocas area

When there is an issue in this area, a patient can understand the speech of others, but can’t produce any speech him or her self