CEREBRAL CORTEX Flashcards
what are the main lobes of the cortex?
Neo Cortical Lobes: frontal parietal occipital temporal
Archicortex (allocortex)
cingulate gyrus
insula
how many cerebro-cortical lobes are there?
5
what are the four general functional area?
sensory
motor
unimodal association cortex (higher level information)
multimodal association cortex (not motor in function, sensory, help to experience surroundings)
what is the importance of the cerebral cortex multimodal areas?
communication
reasoning
long term plans
imagination
in this functional region of the cerebral cortex, the frontal lobes have these cortex types? if there is a lesion here, what is affected?
precentral gyrus (primary volitional motor cortex) broadmann 4
upper motor neuron, hemiplegia
also
premotor cortex, six times larger than 4 for proximal and axial muscles, preps movement, patterns and planning (broadmann 6) than also the supplementary motor cortex (braodmann 6) being more superior and medial responsible for speech and visual cues, lesion here indicates akinesia and apraxias
what broadmann area is responsible for the frontal eye fields? what happens if lesions happen here?
broadmann area 8
ocular deviation to the same side
what are broadman areas 9-12, 45 and 46, 47 used for?
what happens if there are lesions here?
association cortex, abstract thinking and decision making, anticipation of a certain action, social behavior
inappropriate social behavior, loss of judgement. Alzheimers and schizophrenia
what is broadman area 44 and 45 responsible for? what happens if there is a lesion here?
brocas motor speech area 44 and 45
expressive (broca’s) aphasia
what is a homunculus?
inverted distorted humanoid image
broadmann area numbers for the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe? lesion here indicates what?
3,1,2
3-propioception
1-slowly adapting, cutaneous sensation
2-rapidly adapting, cutaneous sensations
parasthesia and anesthesia
the broadmann area numbers for the superior parietal lobe found in the sensory association cortex? lesion here indicates what?
5, 7
5- tactile decrimination
7- plays a role in movements
asteroagnosia, astatagnosia (loss of discriminative touch)
the supra marginal gyrus is what broadmann area? what is the affect if there is a lesion here?
broadman area 40 responsible for auditory and visual input
astereoagnosia, apraxia, loss of body schema with contralateral hemispatial neglect, R-lobe being most common
what are the types of apraxias?
ideational (sensory), Bucco, oro) facial
this type of ideational (sensory) is characterized by the inability to formulate an image of the required movement, difficulty in performing complex task, seen in Alzheimers and infarct related dementia?
ideational (sensory)
this type of apraxia is the inability to perform facial oral movements on command?
bucco, oro facial
the angular gyrus is what broadmann area? function and effect of lesion here?
broadmann area 39
interpretation and expression of language via visual stimuli, conversion of syllables into sounds
Alexia, agraphia, right-left confusion
the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe is what broadmann area? function and effect of lesion?
broadmann area 17, primary visual cortex, lesions indicate blindness, visual hallucinations, and prosopagnosia (loss of recognition of familiar faces)
what is the effect of a lesion in the primary auditory cortex found in the temporal lobe?
broadman area 41,42
parietal deafness
what is the wernicke’s receptive speech Area Posterior area broadmann area number?
broadmann area 22 and so if this is affected than
a patient may be able to produce speech, but cannot understand the speech of others.
what is the wernickes area interconnected too?
brocas area and broadmann 37, Broadmann area 44 and 45 for brocas area
When there is an issue in this area, a patient can understand the speech of others, but can’t produce any speech him or her self
