FUNCTIONAL REGIONS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX

Question 1

Upper Motor Neuron affects – Paralysis, Hyper-reflexive, Clonus, Babinski Sign, Absence of Abdominal
Reflex

Answer 1

4 – Precentral Gyrus

Question 2

If a lesion is present here, we would not suspect it to be in #6; would have to use HIGHER-TECH IMAGING and
do a full work up of specific movement tests to determine if it is in #6 or other associated areas.

Answer 2

6 – Premotor Cortex

Question 3

• Akinesia = absence or loss of control of voluntary muscle movements (like in Parkinson’s)
• Apraxias = total or partial loss of the ability to perform coordinated movements or manipulate objects
• Inability to preform a motor task on command- know what a hammer and a nail is but if asked
to hammer the nail into a piece of wood, they would be unable too.

Answer 3

6 – Supplemental Motor Cortex

Question 4

• Inappropriate Social Behavior
• Loss of Initiative
• Loss of Foresight (what they want to do next)
• Poor Concentration
• As seen in Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 4

9-12 – Prefrontal Cortex

Question 5

• Common in dominant side strokes
• Expressive Aphasia = defect or loss of the power of expression (inability to move the muscles
INVOLVED in producing speech) by speech, writing, or signs, or of comprehending spoken or written
language.
• Could be affected in stuttering

Answer 5

44 & #45 – Broca’s Motor Speech Area

Question 6

• Eyes will become deviated to the affected side.
• Lesion on left eyes will be canted to the left side
• Still have the ability to see, but no tracking. Have to move your head to do the
tracking.

Answer 6

8 – Frontal Eye fields

Question 7

• Paresthesia = sensation of tickling, tingling, burning, pricking, or numbness of a persons skin w/ not
apparent long-term physical effect. “Pins and needles” feeling. Stumli does not match the sensation.
Altered sensation.
• Anesthesia = condition of having sensation blocked or temporarily taken away

Answer 7

1, 2, 3 – Postcentral Gyrus (3,1,2)

Question 8

• Astereognosia = inability to identify an object by touch w/o visual input. Loss of Knowledge.
• Aka Astatagnosia

DOMINANT SIDE (Left cerebral cortex) LESION:
• Contralateral Visual Neglect: inability to recognize the opposite side doing a movement
• Can contribute to Apraxia (person is unable to perform tasks or movements when asked even though
they request is understood, they are willing to perform the task, the muscles need to perform the task
work properly, and the task is already learned) by impacting area #6
• RIGHT LOBE more than left

Answer 8

5 & #7 – Superior Parietal Lobule

Question 9

Apraxia = inability to turn thought into process/action

Loss of Body Schema (Contralateral Hemi-Neglect):

Answer 9

40 – Supramarginal Gyrus

Question 10

LESION: inability to turn something that we see into appropriate language

Alexia
agraphia
right-left confusion

Answer 10

39 – Angular Gyrus

Question 11

Blindness: Complete loss of image on one side.

Answer 11

17 – Primary Visual Cortex

Question 12

Visual Hallucinations

Prosopagnosia

Answer 12

18 & #19 – Visual Association Cortex

Question 13

Parietal Deafness

Answer 13

41 & #42 – Primary Auditory Cortex

Question 14

Receptive Aphasia

Answer 14

22 – Wernicke’s Receptive Speech Area Posterior Area

Question 15

Loss complete taste sensation or an altered sensation of taste

Answer 15

43 – Gustatory Cortex Area

Question 16

Expressive aphasia (loss of ability
to speak, cant form words)

Answer 16

44, 45

Brocas Motor Speech