Lab 10 - Basal Ganglia & Cerebellum

Question 1

pars compacta has blank neurons unlike blank

Answer 1

dopamine, pars reticulata

Question 2

basal ganglia circuits that facilitate movement

Answer 2

direct loops

Question 3

basal ganglia circuits that modulate the function of the direct loop

Answer 3

indirect loops

Question 4

basal ganglia structures exert blank over motor output systems; release from this blank allows motor systems to become active

Answer 4

inhibition

Question 5

indirect loop 1 is blank

Answer 5

inhibitino

Question 6

indirect loop 2 blank indirect loop 1 which makes it blank

Answer 6

inhibits, excitatory

Question 7

indirect loop 2 initiates blank, and inhibits blank

Answer 7

direct loop 1, indirect loop 1

Question 8

slow movements symptom of parkinsons

Answer 8

bradykinesia

Question 9

symptoms of parkinsons

Answer 9

tremors, rigidity, loss of automatic movements, difficulty initiating movement

Question 10

parkinsons is due to a loss of blank neurons in blank

Answer 10

dopaminergic, substantia nigra

Question 11

symptoms of this is involuntary jerking of limbs and head, rigidity, impaired gait/balance

Answer 11

huntingtons disease

Question 12

huntingtons disease is due to the loss of blank neurons

Answer 12

striatal (caudate nucleus)

Question 13

function is unconscious coordination of movement

Answer 13

cerebellum

Question 14

structure near midline that joins hemispheres

Answer 14

vermis

Question 15

3 lobes of cerebellum

Answer 15

anterior, posterior, flocculonodular

Question 16

this separates the anterior and posterior lobes

Answer 16

primary fissure

Question 17

primary output of cerebellum to midbrain

Answer 17

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 18

inputs to cerebellum from cerebral cortex via the pons

Answer 18

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 19

inputs to cerebellum carrying proprioceptive info from body and projections from vestibular pathway

Answer 19

inferior cerebellar peduncel

Question 20

four pairs of deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 20

fastigial nucleus, globose, emboliform, dentate (largest)

Question 21

fastigial nucleus is blank

Answer 21

midline

Question 22

globose and emboliform are blank

Answer 22

interposed

Question 23

subdivision of cerebellum in the flocculonodular lobe, fastigial nucleus, and is for balance/coordination

Answer 23

vestibulocerebellum

Question 24

subdivision of cerebellum that is vermis and surrounding regions of anterior lobe, muscle tone and coordination

Answer 24

spinocerebellum

Question 25

subdivision of cerebellum for lateral parts of hemispheres and superior vermis, motor planning and learning

Answer 25

cerebrocerebellum

Question 26

learned motor movements like riding a bike, signing your name, playing an instrument subdivision of cerebellum

Answer 26

cerebrocerebellum

Question 27

unilateral cerebellar lesions affect blank side

Answer 27

ipsilateral

Question 28

lack of coordination

Answer 28

dysmetria

Question 29

clumsy when performing rapid rhythmic movement

Answer 29

adiadochokinesis

Question 30

decompose smooth movement into abrupt steps

Answer 30

asynergy

Question 31

low muscle tone/tire easily

Answer 31

hypotonia

Question 32

tremor at end of movement

Answer 32

intention tremor

Question 33

thick and monotonous speech

Answer 33

dysarthria

Question 34

involuntary eye movements

Answer 34

nystagmus

Question 35

two parts of substantia nigra

Answer 35

pars compacta, pars reticulata