Lab 10 - Basal Ganglia & Cerebellum Flashcards
pars compacta has blank neurons unlike blank
dopamine, pars reticulata
basal ganglia circuits that facilitate movement
direct loops
basal ganglia circuits that modulate the function of the direct loop
indirect loops
basal ganglia structures exert blank over motor output systems; release from this blank allows motor systems to become active
inhibition
indirect loop 1 is blank
inhibitino
indirect loop 2 blank indirect loop 1 which makes it blank
inhibits, excitatory
indirect loop 2 initiates blank, and inhibits blank
direct loop 1, indirect loop 1
slow movements symptom of parkinsons
bradykinesia
symptoms of parkinsons
tremors, rigidity, loss of automatic movements, difficulty initiating movement
parkinsons is due to a loss of blank neurons in blank
dopaminergic, substantia nigra
symptoms of this is involuntary jerking of limbs and head, rigidity, impaired gait/balance
huntingtons disease
huntingtons disease is due to the loss of blank neurons
striatal (caudate nucleus)
function is unconscious coordination of movement
cerebellum
structure near midline that joins hemispheres
vermis
3 lobes of cerebellum
anterior, posterior, flocculonodular
this separates the anterior and posterior lobes
primary fissure
primary output of cerebellum to midbrain
superior cerebellar peduncle
inputs to cerebellum from cerebral cortex via the pons
middle cerebellar peduncle
inputs to cerebellum carrying proprioceptive info from body and projections from vestibular pathway
inferior cerebellar peduncel
four pairs of deep cerebellar nuclei
fastigial nucleus, globose, emboliform, dentate (largest)
fastigial nucleus is blank
midline
globose and emboliform are blank
interposed
subdivision of cerebellum in the flocculonodular lobe, fastigial nucleus, and is for balance/coordination
vestibulocerebellum
subdivision of cerebellum that is vermis and surrounding regions of anterior lobe, muscle tone and coordination
spinocerebellum
subdivision of cerebellum for lateral parts of hemispheres and superior vermis, motor planning and learning
cerebrocerebellum
learned motor movements like riding a bike, signing your name, playing an instrument subdivision of cerebellum
cerebrocerebellum
unilateral cerebellar lesions affect blank side
ipsilateral
lack of coordination
dysmetria
clumsy when performing rapid rhythmic movement
adiadochokinesis
decompose smooth movement into abrupt steps
asynergy
low muscle tone/tire easily
hypotonia
tremor at end of movement
intention tremor
thick and monotonous speech
dysarthria
involuntary eye movements
nystagmus
two parts of substantia nigra
pars compacta, pars reticulata