Ch. 6 - Membrane Potential

Question 0

charge separation across lipid bilayer gives rise to blank

Answer 0

membrane potential

Question 1

separation of charge is maintained by blank which is a barrier to diffusion of ions, thus maintaining blank

Answer 1

lipid bilayer, resting membrane potential

Question 2

blank is defined as a net movement of positive charge

Answer 2

current

Question 3

there is no net flow ions in a blank cell at rest

Answer 3

nerve

Question 4

when there is net flow cations or anions, the blank is disturbed

Answer 4

electric potential

Question 5

a reduction or reversal of charge separation, leading to a les negative membrane potential is called blank

Answer 5

depolarization

Question 6

blank is when the membrane potential becomes very negative

Answer 6

hyperpolarization

Question 7

changes in the membrane potential that do not lead to the opening of gated ion channels are called blank potentials

Answer 7

electrotonic

Question 8

when depolarization approaches a critical level, or threshold, a cell responds actively with the opening of voltage gated ion channels, which makes a blank

Answer 8

action potential

Question 9

when a cell membrane is blank to a certain voltage, an action potential forms

Answer 9

depolarized

Question 10

the ease with which ions can cross cell membrane

Answer 10

permeability

Question 11

there is a blank distribution of ions inside and outside the cell

Answer 11

uneven

Question 12

only potassium ions can pass through these cells

Answer 12

glial

Question 13

relative proportions of various ion channels that are open

Answer 13

permeability

Question 14

this is reached when rate of influx/efflux of potassium ions are the same

Answer 14

equilibrium

Question 15

a function of conc gradient across the membrane

Answer 15

chemical driving force

Question 16

a function of electrical potential difference across the membrane

Answer 16

electrical driving force

Question 17

two forces that drive ions across the cell membrane

Answer 17

chemical/electrical driving forces

Question 18

outward movement of potassium ions are driven by blank

Answer 18

conc gradient

Question 19

inward movement of potassium ions is driven by blank

Answer 19

electrical potential difference

Question 20

there are more blank than blank channels

Answer 20

potassium, sodium

Question 21

potassium conductance is blank than sodium conductance

Answer 21

higher

Question 22

ion flux equation]

Answer 22

total driving force x g (conductance)

Question 23

LOWk+g(high) = HIGHna+g(low)

Answer 23

steady state

Question 24

energy of atp hydrolysis to transport ions against conc gradient type of transport

Answer 24

primary active transport

Question 25

transport that moves one ion against gradient by using the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient of a second ion

Answer 25

secondary active transport

Question 26

sodium potassium pump and calcium pump are both blank transport

Answer 26

primary active

Question 27

sodium calcium exchanger is a blank secondary active transporter

Answer 27

antiporter

Question 28

K+ Cl- cotransporter is a blank secondary active transporter

Answer 28

symporter

Question 29

GHK equation to find blank membrane potential

Answer 29

stable resting