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Neur > Ch. 5 - Ion Channels > Flashcards

Ch. 5 - Ion Channels Flashcards

0
Q

three types of ion channels

A

voltage gated, ligand gated, mechanically gates

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1
Q

integral membrane proteins that span the cell membrane and form conduits for the ions to pass through the lipid bilayer

A

ion channels

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2
Q

ion channels can conduct blank ions per second

A

100

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3
Q

ion channels that are gated to changes in membrane potential

A

voltage

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4
Q

ion channels gated to chemical transmitters

A

ligand gated

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5
Q

ion channels gated to pressure or stretch

A

mechanically gated

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6
Q

resting channels are blank at rest

A

open

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7
Q

gated channels are blank at rest

A

closed

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8
Q

allow for continuous pathway for ions to move from inside to outside cell

A

ion channel

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9
Q

these have two gates that allow one ion in and out at a time and is active transport and is much slower than ion channels

A

ion pump

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10
Q

ion transported down electrochemical gradient causes energy to be blank

A

released

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11
Q

the energy released powers the blank to go against electrochemical gradient

A

pump

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12
Q

ion channel composed of 5 different subunits

A

hetero-oligomers

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13
Q

ion channel composed of 6 similar subunits

A

homo-oligomers

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14
Q

ion channel formed by repeating motifs and one chain

A

single polypeptide

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15
Q

ion channel can also contain auxiliary subunits in this type such as blank and blnak

A

gamma, beta

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16
Q

lipid bilayer consists of

A

phospholipids, proteins

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17
Q

ions surrounded by water is called blank and is blank than an ion alone

A

hydrated, larger

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18
Q

phospholipid tails have blank bonds which are blank

A

ester, hydrophobic

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19
Q

a hydrated blank ion has a larger diameter than a hydrated blank ion because it has a higher charge even though its smaller

A

sodium, potassium

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20
Q

blank ions are too large to get through blank channels

A

sodium, potassium

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21
Q

a sodium channel has a blank filter that has amino acids that strip blank from the hydrated sodium ion,

A

selectivity, water

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22
Q

three models for opening/closing of ion channel

A

localized conformational, generalized structural, blocking particle

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23
Q

gaba stands for

A

gamma, amino, butynic acid

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24
Q

drug that binds to gaba channels and keeps the channels open

A

valium

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25
Q

three states of voltage gated ion channels

A

closed resting, open, inactive

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26
Q

closed resting channels are blank

A

activatable

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27
Q

inactive voltage gated ion channels are blank

A

nonactivateable

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28
Q

regulatory in calcium channels

A

calmodulin

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29
Q

technique to record current through ion channels

A

patch clamp

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30
Q

patch clamp technique was created in what year

A

1976

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31
Q

this scientist formed vesicles under special conditions so the vesicles fused with the blank to form a blank

A

bilayer, artificial bilayer

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32
Q

artificial bilayer advantages

A
  1. can access ions inside the cell in the inner membrane such as the SR
  2. can study the membrane composition and ion channels
33
Q

rate of flow of ion currents through ion channel

A

flux

34
Q

direction of equilibrium constant of flux is determined by these two factors

A
  1. electrical potential difference on outside/inside cell membrane
  2. concentration gradient inside/outside
35
Q

electrical potential difference and concentration gradient difference makes up blank difference

A

electrochemical potential

36
Q

na+, k+, Ca2+ can pass through blank ion channels

A

cation selective

37
Q

Na+ selective ion channel allows blank ions to pass through

A

Na+

38
Q

cation selective ion channel that allow Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ions to pass through

A

Achr

39
Q

flux of ions through ion channels is blank

A

passive

40
Q

ion channel is either all the way blank or blank

A

open, closed

41
Q

current is blank related to blank in the iv curve

A

linearly, voltage

42
Q

ohms law

A

V = IR

volts, current (amps), resistance (ohms)

43
Q

conductance formula

A

= 1/R

44
Q

slope of the IV curve gives blank in these units

A

conductance, siemens

45
Q

rate of current depends on the concentration of blank in the solution

A

ions

46
Q

at a high ion concentration, a blank current can be reached making it constant

A

max

47
Q

laws of binding of ions to special aa along the pore of an ion channel

A

electrodiffusion

48
Q

ligand concentration at which current reaches half of the max current

A

dissociation constant

49
Q

low dissociation constant means blank

A

strong bonding

50
Q

transition of ion channels between closed and open

A

gating

51
Q

linear iv curves conduct ions at a constant manner at all voltages in blank resistors/blank channels

A

simple, ohmic

52
Q

iv curve that is non linear conducts ions more readily in one direction than the other

A

rectifier

53
Q

comparing aa sequences in various species for blank regions

A

highly conserved (similar)

54
Q

these channels are formed with parts derived from genes of different species

A

chimeric channles

55
Q

site directed mutagenesis - uses a blank type ion channel and watch its function, then a mutation type of ion channel is made and its function is watched. if the functions are different, then the aa being studied plays a blank role in ion channel gating

A

important

56
Q

each peak in the hydrophobicity plot represents the blank hydrophobicity of blank amino acids

A

average, 19

57
Q

each peak in the hydrophobicity plot represents one piece of the blank in a cell membrane

A

ion channel

58
Q

three superfamilies of ion channels

A

ligand gated (ach), gap junction, voltage gated

59
Q

gap junction channel has blank subunits and blank domains

A

6, 4

60
Q

ligand gated channels have blank subunits and blank domains

A

5, 4

61
Q

voltage gated channels have blank motifs but is a blank polypeptide and has blank domains

A

4, single, 6

62
Q

these channels bridge the cytoplasm of two cells at the electrical synapse

A

gap junction channel

63
Q

there are blank related ion channels with blank regions

A

four, p

64
Q

p region consists of a blank and blank

A

helix, loop

65
Q

ligand gated ion channel is a blank oligomer

A

hetero

66
Q

gap junction connexin channel is a blnak oligomer

A

homo

67
Q

patch clamp records blank ion channels

A

one

68
Q

scientist that made the artificial membrane bilayer

A

christopher miller

69
Q

the p region of a bacterial potassium channel is aka the blank

A

selectivity filter

70
Q

4 rings are formed by successive rings of blank atoms from blank amino acid residues per subunit

A

O, 5

71
Q

fifth ring of O is formed by the OH side oxygen from blank

A

thrionine

72
Q

in potassium ion channel, the ions have to either be in binding site blank and blank, or blank and blank because of blank

A

1,3 2,4 electrostatic attraction

73
Q

2,4 bindings sites is the blank configuration

A

inner

74
Q

1,3 binding sites is the blank configuration

A

outer

75
Q

high energetic cost for a potassium to enter lipid bilayer is minimized by two parts:

A
  1. inner chamber

2. four helices provide dipole whose neg charge points to inner chamber

76
Q

two identical subunits each forming a selective Cl pore

A

dimers

77
Q

abnormal prolonged muscle contraction

A

myotonia

78
Q

to pump Cl to outside cell against conc gradient, blank are moved down concentration into the cell to power that pump

A

H+

79
Q

potassium channel is a blank channel

A

parallel

80
Q

chlorine channel is a blank channel

A

antiparallel

Neur (30 decks)

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