Ch 7 - Action Potential

Question 0

ap is propagated with the same blank and blank along the whole length of the nerve or muscle cell

Answer 0

size, shape

Question 1

action potential is a rapid and momentary change in blank of a nerve or muscle cell when excited resulting the transmission of a blank signal

Answer 1

membrane potential, electric

Question 2

property of ap that limits the frequency of them

Answer 2

refractory period

Question 3

the ap is blank so it does not lose strength of signal

Answer 3

self regenerative

Question 4

ap results from increase in ionic blank

Answer 4

ionic conductance

Question 5

a voltage clamp blank the voltage by not allowing the blank to change

Answer 5

fixes, membrane potential

Question 6

the blank maintains the command voltage by sending current out if there is current coming in and vice versa

Answer 6

feedback amplifier

Question 7

a sudden hyperpolarization results in a transient blank current but not blank currents

Answer 7

capacitative, ionic

Question 8

the blank current is very short lived

Answer 8

capacitative

Question 9

resting ion channels are aka blank channels

Answer 9

leakage

Question 10

no blank channels have net current during hyperpolarization, but they have a net current during blank

Answer 10

leakage, depolarization

Question 11

current above 0 is blank

Answer 11

outward

Question 12

voltage gated sodium and potassium channels open when blank depolarization signal is given to the cell

Answer 12

large

Question 13

to study the current of only K+ ions, sodium ions were replaced with a blank so only the potassium flowed

Answer 13

impermeable choline ion

Question 14

ttx is

Answer 14

tetradotoxin

Question 15

ttx blocks blank ion channels

Answer 15

sodium voltage gated

Question 16

ttx is produced by blank

Answer 16

puffer fish

Question 17

these two block sodium channels

Answer 17

ttx, saxitoxin

Question 18

these two block potassium channels

Answer 18

aminopyridine, TEA

Question 19

TEA has a blank affinity so it takes blank of the drug to have an effect

Answer 19

low, a lot

Question 20

dominant ion on inside of cell

Answer 20

potassium

Question 21

with a prolonged depolarization signal, blank channels NEVER close but blank do

Answer 21

potassium, sodium

Question 22

measurements of gna and gk at various levels of membrane potentials reveal two functional similarities and two differences

Answer 22

2 similarities

1. both open in response to depolarization
2. as size of depolarization increases probability R rate of opening of Na and K channels increase

2 differences

1. (rate of opening) sodium channels open more rapidly at depolarizing potentials than potassium channels
2. (response to prolonged depolarzation) when depolarization is maintained for a long period of time, sodium channels begin to close which causes a decreased inward current…. potassium channels remain open

Question 23

process by which sodium channels close during a prolonged depolarization is termed blank

Answer 23

inactivation

Question 24

channel is only open during the brief period of time when blank gates are open

Answer 24

activation/inactivation

Question 25

activation gate is closed at blank

Answer 25

resting membrane potential

Question 26

activation gate opens by blank signal

Answer 26

depolarization

Question 27

inactivation gate is open at blank

Answer 27

resting membrane potential

Question 28

inactivation gate closes during

Answer 28

prolonged depolarization