Ch 8 - Synaptic Transmission

Question 0

patch clamp blank current flow from one channel at a time, but voltage clamp causes a blank voltage

Answer 0

measures, fixed

Question 1

space between postsynaptic cell and presynaptic cell

Answer 1

synapse (apposition zone)

Question 2

not all channels will blank at certain voltages

Answer 2

open

Question 3

current flows blank in a current generator

Answer 3

outward

Question 4

feedback amplifier injects a blank current into the cell to keep it at a fixed voltage

Answer 4

equal and opposite

Question 5

voltage clamp works as a blank system

Answer 5

negative feedback

Question 6

synapses that send rapid and stereotyped depolarizing signals

Answer 6

electrical

Question 7

electrical synapses are good for depolarizing blank neurons simultaneously

Answer 7

multiple

Question 8

type of synapse that are more flexible, slower, and more variability in types of signals that can be sent

Answer 8

chemical

Question 9

chemical synapses can produce more blank behaviors

Answer 9

complex

Question 10

the postsynaptic cell receives about blank percent of the signal that the presynaptic cell has

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

synaptic delay between presynaptic spike and postsynaptic spike is almost blank because gap junctions are blank

Answer 11

instantaneous, physically connected

Question 12

electrical gap junctions passively spread blank without a blank

Answer 12

graded signal, action potential

Question 13

gap junctions are covered with specialized channels that allow current to go through called

Answer 13

gap junction channels

Question 14

postsynaptic cytoplasm of gap junctions are much blank than normal extracellular space

Answer 14

smaller

Question 15

these close to cut themselves off from a dying cell so they dont die too

Answer 15

connexin

Question 16

gap junctions have blank blank channels

Answer 16

hemi

Question 17

electrical synapses are useful for orchestrating the action of blank

Answer 17

many cells at once,

Question 18

electric current required to stimulate multiple cells is greater than electric current required to stimulate blank

Answer 18

one cell

Question 19

electrical synapses do not have blank channels that only allows certain things to pass through

Answer 19

selective

Question 20

support cells of the nervous system (CNS & PNS)

Answer 20

glial

Question 21

look at slides for this chapter

Answer 21

ok

Question 22

electrical synapses are used mostly in blank

Answer 22

lower invertebrates

Question 23

humans use blank synapses mostly

Answer 23

chemical

Question 24

chemical messengers from one cell to another in chemical synapses

Answer 24

neurotransmitters

Question 25

chemical synapses hold neurotransmitter blank is specific places that is directly across from blank

Answer 25

vesicles, receptor of postsynaptic neuron

Question 26

vesicles are released via

Answer 26

exocytosis

Question 27

neurotransmitters are made of blank and blank

Answer 27

amino acids/peptides

Question 28

transmitter is released in blank step, then in second step, neurotransmitters bind to blank and cause a change

Answer 28

1st, receptors

Question 29

advantages of multiple receptors rather than neurotransmitters

Answer 29

1. multiple receptors with slight protein variations
2. ability to reuse the neurotransmitter
3. can change how many receptors are available
4. easier to store a few neurotransmitters
5. secondary messengers can change the message
6. 500 types of subunits

Question 30

ionotropic receptors have blank

Answer 30

membrane spanning proteins with extracellular areas that bind nt, carry out effector function in cell

Question 31

receptors that gate ion channels directly (aka ligand channels)

Answer 31

ionotropic receptor

Question 32

smaller receptors than ionotropic that are usually only consist of a couple subunits

Answer 32

metabotropic

Question 33

metabotropic receptors alter somethign on the blank of the cell

Answer 33

inside

Question 34

g protein coupled receptor is a blank channel

Answer 34

metabotropic