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Physio Fall 22 > L7 - CNS > Flashcards

L7 - CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system contains

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

The CNS function is

A

Integration

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3
Q

What is gray matter made up of?

A

Cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons

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4
Q

What is white matter made up of?

A

Myelinated axons

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5
Q

In the spinal cord where is white matter found? Gray matter?

A

White matter = tracts

Gray matter = horns

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6
Q

In the brain where is gray matter and white matter found?

A

Grey matter = cerebral cortex & cerebral nuclei

White matter = tracts ( connect the brain together)

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7
Q

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Transmit sensory info to the brain ( ascending tracts)
  2. Transmit motor commands from brain (descending tracts)
  3. Integrate spinal reflexes ➡️ stretch reflex
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8
Q

Decussation can occur where

A

Decussation = Cross over

  • can happen at the medualla obligata and spinal cord
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9
Q

What are the functions of the brain?

A
  1. Receive/ interpret sensory information
  2. Respond with motor output
  3. Perform higher brain functions
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10
Q

What Carries out brain functions

A

Interneurons and neurotransmitters

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11
Q

What causes complexity in the brain?

A

Wiring - interneuron to interneuron communication

Synapses - receptors + neurotransmitters

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12
Q

Organizing principles of the brain

A
  1. Redundancy
    - different brain regions work together
  2. Bilateral structural symmetry
    - left and right look the same
  3. Evolutionary organization
    - areas nearest spinal cord = most primitive (survival)
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13
Q

Brain ventricles are defined as

A

Brain spaces with cerebral spinal fluid

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14
Q

What are the functions of cerebral spinal fluid?

A
  • support/ protects brain/ spinal cord
  • provides nutrition (derived from plasma)
  • maintains ionic balance and cranial pressure
  • removes wastes during sleep
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15
Q

True or false ; cerebralspinal fluid is constancy secreted/ reabsorbed at the same rate

A

True

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16
Q

Glymphatic system

A

CSF flushes cellular wastes from the brain during sleep

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17
Q

Explain how the glymphatic system works

A
  1. Brain shrinks creating space for csf flow
  2. Csf enters interstitial fluid outside of arteries
  3. Flushes waste in interstitial fluid to outside veins
  4. Wastes leave brain entering lymphatic system
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18
Q

Hydrocephalus
1. Cause
2. Treatment

A

Water in the brain - happens in babies

  1. Partial obstruction of normal Csf flow
  2. Insert a drain ➡️ shunt
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19
Q

What are the four regions of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum - outer part
    - cerebral cortex & basal nuclei
  2. Diencephalon
    - thalamus & hypothalamus
  3. Brain stem
    - pons, medulla obligata, midbrain
  4. ## Cerebellum
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20
Q

Corpus collosum

A

Connects left and right hemispheres

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21
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, insula

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22
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Separates left and right hemispheres

23
Q

Central sulcus

A

Separates frontal & parietal lobes

24
Q

Right vs left brain functions

A

Left - language, analytic

Right - visual, spatial

25
The cerebrum contains….
Cerebral cortex, white matter, & basal nuclei
26
Corpus callosum
Myelinated axon fibers connecting left/ right hemispheres
27
Primary motor cortex location and function
In frontal lobe - pre central gyrus Function = voluntary control of skeletal muscle
28
Somatosensory cortex location and function
Location= parietal lobe - precentral gyrus Function = interpret general sensory input (skin, joints, muscles)
29
Frontal lobes functions
Personality/ behavior - intellect/ higher thinking - verbal communication
30
Parietal lobe functions
- understand speech - Formulate words
31
Occipital lobe functions
Movement of eyes/ vision
32
Temporal lobe functions
Interpret auditory Input
33
Insula lobe functions
Integrate sensation (pain) w/ visceral response
34
Wenicke’s area function
Understands words - language comprehension
35
What happens if the wenicke’s area is damaged?
Can’t understand words but can articulate
36
Broca’s areas function
Speaks words - motor speech area
37
What happens if the Broca’s area is damaged?
Can understand words but can’t articulate
38
What is a PET scan? And how does it work?
Pet scan = imaging of brain activity by looking at the use of glucose used as energy
39
Basal nuclei function and location
Location: deep in cerebrum Function: modify output of motor pathways (desending)
40
What is huntingtons disease?
Accumulation of protein ; damaging basal nuclei causing build up of Csf in ventricles
41
Midbrain
Subconscious control of skeletal muscle
42
What two nuclei are involved in the midbrain?
1. Substantia nigra 2. Red nucleus
43
Red nucleus
A change in motor coordination
44
Cerebellum
Smooth and coordinate skeletal muscle activity - goal directed - posture/ balance - new movement activity’s program here
45
What controls skeletal muscle ( hint: 1 conscious 2 subconscious]
Conscious = primary motor cortex Subconscious = basal nuclei, midbrain and cerebellum
46
Diencephalon
Contains thalamus and hypothalamus
47
Thalamus function
Sensory relay station ➡️send output to appropriate brain regions - grey matter
48
Hypothalamus function
Maintain homeostasis & links nervous system to endocrine system - grey matter
49
Brain stem
Oldest most primitive part of brain Contains: pons & middle oblongata
50
Pons function
Respiratory control center ( regulates breathing) - works with medulla
51
Medulla oblongata function
1. Respiratory center 2. Cardiac control center - control heart rate 3. Vasometer center - control blood vessel diameter
52
Lambic system
Basis of emotional states - fear, aggression, sexual drive, feeding
53
Reticular activating system
Regulated sleep & wakefulness
54
Location of reticular activating system
Fibers from brain stem to thalamus and cerebral cortex

Physio Fall 22 (24 decks)

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