L13- Respiratory Flashcards
Function of the respiratory system
Gas exchange (o2, co2)
Why do we need o2?
O2 = final electron acceptor in electron transport
Why must we remove co2?
Co2 build up in tissues = decrease ph (more acidic) ➡️ denature proteins
Goal of cell respiration
Produce ATP using energy from Chemical bonds in glucose
3 mechanisms of the respiratory system
- Ventilation
- Gas exchange
- Gas transport
Ventilation occurs
Between air and alveolus (lungs)
Where are the two locations gas exchange occurs?
- The lungs & blood
- Blood & tissue cells
Gas transport occurs
In the blood
What are the 2 regions of the respiratory system?
- Conducting zone - Airways
- Respiratory zone - alveoli
Airways are _____ and lungs are ______
Tubes, Alveoli
Upper respiratory tract
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Lower respiratory tract
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Naval cavity
Filters, warms, and moistens the air
Pharynx (throat)
Passageway for air, food, and liquids
Larynx (voice box)
Vocalization
Trachea ( windpipe)
Brings air in - main airway
Bronchi
Branching airways
Bronchioles
Smaller airways
Alveoli
Air sacs for gas exchange
________ regulates the diameter of bronchioles
Smooth muscle
The walls of alveoli are surrounded by __________ for gas exchange
Capillaries
Diaphragm
Primary muscle of respiration
- enlarges the thorax
What causes the lungs to stick to the thoracic wall and diaphragm?
Serous fluid
Lungs follow movement of thorax therefore..
Thorax expands = lungs expand
Thorax contracts = lungs recoil
Ventilation is caused by
Changing pressure in the lungs
Inhalation
Diaphragm contracts
- active at rest
Exhalation
Diaphragm relaxed
- passive at rest
Mechanism of ventilation ( at rest)
- Diaphragm relaxed
Lung pressure = atmospheric pressure ➡️ no air flow.
What causes pressure difference in the lungs?
The diagram
Mechanism of ventilation during inspiration
- diaphragm contracts/ flattens ➡️ increasing volume & decreasing pressure in lungs
Lung pressure < atmospheric pressure
Mechanism of ventilation during expiration
- diaphragm relaxes ➡️ decrease volume & increase pressure
Lung pressure > atmospheric pressure
Successful ventilation requires …. (5 thing)
- Low airway resistance
- Ability to inflate lungs
- Stretchy lungs
- Surfactant
- Pacemaker neurons in respiratory center
Low airway resistance
- smooth muscle allows change of airway diameter
Ability to inflate lungs
Serous fluid in pleural cavity holds lungs to bodies wall
Stretchy lungs caused by
Healthy elastic tissue
Surfactant
Disrupts surface tension preventing alveolar collapse ( disrupting H bonds)
Pacemaker neurons in respiratory center
- in pons
Communicating w/ diaphragm 24/7 causing muscle to contract rhythmically all the time
Dalton’s law
Total pressure = sum of all partial pressures of all gases
What gases are found in the atmosphere
O2 + CO2 + N + H2O
What gas is mostly found in the atmosphere
Nitrogen
What are the two locations gas exchange occurs
Alveoli (lungs)
- tissue ce
S
Ventilation occurs at bronchioles
Low pco2 = smooth muscle constricts
High poc2 = smooth muscle dilates ( relax)
Perfusion occurs at pulmonary arteriole
- high tissue pO2 = dilated
- low tissue pO2 = constricted
Cell respiration equation
6o2 + C6H12O6 ➡️ 6Co2 + 6H2O
