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Physio Fall 22 > L13- Respiratory > Flashcards

L13- Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A

Gas exchange (o2, co2)

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2
Q

Why do we need o2?

A

O2 = final electron acceptor in electron transport

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3
Q

Why must we remove co2?

A

Co2 build up in tissues = decrease ph (more acidic) ➡️ denature proteins

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4
Q

Goal of cell respiration

A

Produce ATP using energy from Chemical bonds in glucose

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5
Q

3 mechanisms of the respiratory system

A
  1. Ventilation
  2. Gas exchange
  3. Gas transport
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6
Q

Ventilation occurs

A

Between air and alveolus (lungs)

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7
Q

Where are the two locations gas exchange occurs?

A
  1. The lungs & blood
  2. Blood & tissue cells
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8
Q

Gas transport occurs

A

In the blood

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9
Q

What are the 2 regions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Conducting zone - Airways
  2. Respiratory zone - alveoli
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10
Q

Airways are _____ and lungs are ______

A

Tubes, Alveoli

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11
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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12
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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13
Q

Naval cavity

A

Filters, warms, and moistens the air

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14
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

Passageway for air, food, and liquids

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15
Q

Larynx (voice box)

A

Vocalization

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16
Q

Trachea ( windpipe)

A

Brings air in - main airway

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17
Q

Bronchi

A

Branching airways

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18
Q

Bronchioles

A

Smaller airways

19
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs for gas exchange

20
Q

________ regulates the diameter of bronchioles

A

Smooth muscle

21
Q

The walls of alveoli are surrounded by __________ for gas exchange

A

Capillaries

22
Q

Diaphragm

A

Primary muscle of respiration
- enlarges the thorax

23
Q

What causes the lungs to stick to the thoracic wall and diaphragm?

A

Serous fluid

24
Q

Lungs follow movement of thorax therefore..

A

Thorax expands = lungs expand

Thorax contracts = lungs recoil

25
Q

Ventilation is caused by

A

Changing pressure in the lungs

26
Q

Inhalation

A

Diaphragm contracts
- active at rest

27
Q

Exhalation

A

Diaphragm relaxed
- passive at rest

28
Q

Mechanism of ventilation ( at rest)

A
  • Diaphragm relaxed

Lung pressure = atmospheric pressure ➡️ no air flow.

29
Q

What causes pressure difference in the lungs?

A

The diagram

30
Q

Mechanism of ventilation during inspiration

A
  • diaphragm contracts/ flattens ➡️ increasing volume & decreasing pressure in lungs

Lung pressure < atmospheric pressure

31
Q

Mechanism of ventilation during expiration

A
  • diaphragm relaxes ➡️ decrease volume & increase pressure

Lung pressure > atmospheric pressure

32
Q

Successful ventilation requires …. (5 thing)

A
  1. Low airway resistance
  2. Ability to inflate lungs
  3. Stretchy lungs
  4. Surfactant
  5. Pacemaker neurons in respiratory center
33
Q

Low airway resistance

A
  • smooth muscle allows change of airway diameter
34
Q

Ability to inflate lungs

A

Serous fluid in pleural cavity holds lungs to bodies wall

35
Q

Stretchy lungs caused by

A

Healthy elastic tissue

36
Q

Surfactant

A

Disrupts surface tension preventing alveolar collapse ( disrupting H bonds)

37
Q

Pacemaker neurons in respiratory center

A
  • in pons
    Communicating w/ diaphragm 24/7 causing muscle to contract rhythmically all the time
38
Q

Dalton’s law

A

Total pressure = sum of all partial pressures of all gases

39
Q

What gases are found in the atmosphere

A

O2 + CO2 + N + H2O

40
Q

What gas is mostly found in the atmosphere

A

Nitrogen

41
Q

What are the two locations gas exchange occurs

A

Alveoli (lungs)
- tissue ce

S

42
Q

Ventilation occurs at bronchioles

A

Low pco2 = smooth muscle constricts
High poc2 = smooth muscle dilates ( relax)

43
Q

Perfusion occurs at pulmonary arteriole

A
  • high tissue pO2 = dilated
  • low tissue pO2 = constricted
44
Q

Cell respiration equation

A

6o2 + C6H12O6 ➡️ 6Co2 + 6H2O

Physio Fall 22 (24 decks)

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