L3 Cell Metabolism Flashcards
Cells
Basic unit of life
Organelles
Basic structural/ functional unit of cells
Name the 4 functions of cells
Synthesize, transport, movement, communication
Plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer around cell ( regulates what comes in/out)
Nucleus
Contains nucleolus & holds/ protects DNA
Cytoplasm
Is b/w plasma membrane & nucleus containing cytosol ( solution)
Mitochondria
Site of cell respiration ➡️ ATP synthesis
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
What are the two types of ribosomes and where are the located?
Free ribosomes = in cytoplasm
Bound ribosomes = on rough endoplasmic reticulum
Difference between right and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER: protein synthesis/ processing
Smooth ER: lipid & carbohydrate synthesis
Golgi complex
Sort,package, direct protein to final destination
Lythosomes
Perform intercellular digestion ( digest foreign molecules and worn/ damaged organelles)
Secondary vesicles
Export out of cell (stored until released)
Peroxisome
Detoxifying molecules (alcohol) producing H2o2
What are the cytoskeletons basic functions?
Support, transport organelles, organization & anchor
What are the three components of the cytoskeleton and their functions?
Microtubules = railroad tracks where organelles move
Intermediate filaments = support/ shape ( framework of cell)
Microfilaments= used to power organelle movement w/ in cells or movement of cilia
What are inclusions ?
Stores nutrients such as triglycerides (fat cells)
Metabolism
All chemical reactions in the body
Where is energy stored within molecules such a glucose and ATP?
Covalent bonds
Define and give an example of catabolism, anabolism, and transformation
Catabolism= larger molecule ➡️ smaller molecule (hydrolysis)
Anabolism = smaller molecules join to build larger molecule (dehydration synthesis)
Transformation = turn molecule into another
Distinguish between body wide metabolism and cell metabolism
Body wide = food we eat ➡️ATP ➡️ movement, heat, cell growth/ repair
Cell metabolism = cells - involving energy, matter transformation, enzymes and cell membranes
Bioenergetics
Flow of energy in living systems
What are the 2 laws of thermodynamics?
1st law = energy can not be created nor destroyed, only transferred
2nd law= must keep adding E to maintain organization/ order
Difference between endergonic and exergonic chemical reactions?
Endergonic = energy absorbed ( photosynthesis)
Exergonic = energy given off during reaction ( cell respiration)
Where is ATP formed?
Cell respiration
Kinase
Phosphorylation ( adds phosphate)
Name the enzyme that removes phosphate from a protein
Phosphatase (dephosphorylates)
What is “phosphorylation cascade”
An amplification of cell response by sequential turning on proteins by adding phosphate
What are the three processes of cell respiration (atp production) and where in the cell do they occur?
Glycolysis - cytoplasm
Kreb cycle - inner mitochondrial matrix
Electron transport - inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the function of oxygen in the body?
It helps organisms grow, reproduce, and turn food into energy
What is anaerobic and aerobic metabolism?
Anaerobic metabolism = used when oxygen can’t supply fast enough
Aerobic metabolism = “with air” such as jogging or sitting
Describe the relationship between cell respiration and photosynthesis
They have the same chemical reaction just in opposite directions ( processing ATP)
