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Physio Fall 22 > L3 Cell Metabolism > Flashcards

L3 Cell Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of life

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2
Q

Organelles

A

Basic structural/ functional unit of cells

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3
Q

Name the 4 functions of cells

A

Synthesize, transport, movement, communication

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4
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer around cell ( regulates what comes in/out)

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains nucleolus & holds/ protects DNA

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Is b/w plasma membrane & nucleus containing cytosol ( solution)

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of cell respiration ➡️ ATP synthesis

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8
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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9
Q

What are the two types of ribosomes and where are the located?

A

Free ribosomes = in cytoplasm

Bound ribosomes = on rough endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

Difference between right and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Rough ER: protein synthesis/ processing

Smooth ER: lipid & carbohydrate synthesis

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11
Q

Golgi complex

A

Sort,package, direct protein to final destination

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12
Q

Lythosomes

A

Perform intercellular digestion ( digest foreign molecules and worn/ damaged organelles)

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13
Q

Secondary vesicles

A

Export out of cell (stored until released)

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14
Q

Peroxisome

A

Detoxifying molecules (alcohol) producing H2o2

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15
Q

What are the cytoskeletons basic functions?

A

Support, transport organelles, organization & anchor

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16
Q

What are the three components of the cytoskeleton and their functions?

A

Microtubules = railroad tracks where organelles move

Intermediate filaments = support/ shape ( framework of cell)

Microfilaments= used to power organelle movement w/ in cells or movement of cilia

17
Q

What are inclusions ?

A

Stores nutrients such as triglycerides (fat cells)

18
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions in the body

19
Q

Where is energy stored within molecules such a glucose and ATP?

A

Covalent bonds

20
Q

Define and give an example of catabolism, anabolism, and transformation

A

Catabolism= larger molecule ➡️ smaller molecule (hydrolysis)

Anabolism = smaller molecules join to build larger molecule (dehydration synthesis)

Transformation = turn molecule into another

21
Q

Distinguish between body wide metabolism and cell metabolism

A

Body wide = food we eat ➡️ATP ➡️ movement, heat, cell growth/ repair

Cell metabolism = cells - involving energy, matter transformation, enzymes and cell membranes

22
Q

Bioenergetics

A

Flow of energy in living systems

23
Q

What are the 2 laws of thermodynamics?

A

1st law = energy can not be created nor destroyed, only transferred

2nd law= must keep adding E to maintain organization/ order

24
Q

Difference between endergonic and exergonic chemical reactions?

A

Endergonic = energy absorbed ( photosynthesis)

Exergonic = energy given off during reaction ( cell respiration)

25
Q

Where is ATP formed?

A

Cell respiration

26
Q

Kinase

A

Phosphorylation ( adds phosphate)

27
Q

Name the enzyme that removes phosphate from a protein

A

Phosphatase (dephosphorylates)

28
Q

What is “phosphorylation cascade”

A

An amplification of cell response by sequential turning on proteins by adding phosphate

29
Q

What are the three processes of cell respiration (atp production) and where in the cell do they occur?

A

Glycolysis - cytoplasm

Kreb cycle - inner mitochondrial matrix

Electron transport - inner mitochondrial membrane

30
Q

What is the function of oxygen in the body?

A

It helps organisms grow, reproduce, and turn food into energy

31
Q

What is anaerobic and aerobic metabolism?

A

Anaerobic metabolism = used when oxygen can’t supply fast enough

Aerobic metabolism = “with air” such as jogging or sitting

32
Q

Describe the relationship between cell respiration and photosynthesis

A

They have the same chemical reaction just in opposite directions ( processing ATP)

Physio Fall 22 (24 decks)

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