L19- Immune

Question 1

Immune system

Answer 1

Includes cells, processes & chemicals that keep us disease free

Question 2

What causes disease?

Answer 2

1. Pathogens: bacteria, viruses, parasites
2. Cancer cells

Question 3

Immunity

Answer 3

Ability to recognize and eliminate foreign invaders or abnormal “self” cells that cause disease ( cancer cells)

Question 4

Immunology

Answer 4

Study of immune processes

Question 5

Big picture function of immune system

Answer 5

Keep invaders out!
- external body surface- cutaneous membrane
- internal body surface - mucous membranes

Question 6

If invaders get in what does the immune system do

Answer 6

• eat them = cells phagocytize
• shoot them = cells secrete/ inject chemicals into them

Question 7

What are the 2 divisions of the immune system?

Answer 7

Nonspecific and specific

Question 8

Nonspecific immune system

Answer 8

Born with it (innate)
- involves: WBCs ( not lymphocytes), chemicals, processes that attack any bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, virally infected cells

Question 9

Specific immune system

Answer 9

• built through exposure to pathogens (acquired)

Involves: B & T lymphocytes
- clones B &T lymphocytes
- have ability to recognize all foreign antigens

Question 10

Antigens

Answer 10

Molecules on a cell that triggers immune cells in a host

Question 11

Antigens include…

Answer 11

1. Molecules on the surface of a bacteria, virus, virally infected cell, cancer cells
2. toxins secreted by bacteria
3. Molecules on cells of tissue grafts from a donor

Question 12

Autoimmunity

Answer 12

Attack on “self” cells

Question 13

Allergy

Answer 13

Reaction to nonpathogenic substances

Question 14

Immune deficiency

Answer 14

Immune system not functioning well

Question 15

What are the primary lymphatic organs

Answer 15

Thymus & red bone marrow

Question 16

Primary lymphatic organs are the site of ____________ & ______________ of WBCs

Answer 16

Production, maturation

Question 17

Maturation

Answer 17

B & T lymphocytes learn to distinguish “self” from “non self” antigens

Question 18

T lymphocyte maturation occurs

Answer 18

In the thymus

Question 19

B lymphocyte maturation occurs

Answer 19

In the red bone marrow

Question 20

Production of WBCs (lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils and monocytes) happens

Answer 20

In red bone marrow

Question 21

Secondary lymphatic organs include

Answer 21

Lymph nodes and the spleen

Question 22

Lymph nodes function

Answer 22

Immune surveillance of lymph

Question 23

Spleen function

Answer 23

Immune surveillance of blood

Question 24

Lymphatic tissues include

Answer 24

Tonsils, appendix & MALT ( mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)

Question 25

Where is lymphatic tissue found?

Answer 25

Anywhere the body opens to the outside world

Question 26

The secondary organs and lymphatic tissue are the site of ________

Answer 26

Action of B&T lymphocytes

Question 27

Nonspecific immune system external barriers

Answer 27

• cutaneous membrane (skin)
• mucous membranes
• chemicals in saliva/ tears
• acid in stomach (HCl)
• flora = healthy microbes

Question 28

Nonspecific immune system internal barriers

Answer 28

• chemicals = lysozyme, interferon, complement
• nonspecific cells = phagocytes, NK cells
  Inflammation process

Question 29

4 signs of inflammation

Answer 29

Redness, heat, swelling & pain

Question 30

Inflammation process

Answer 30

Damage ➡️ chemical change in interstitial fluid
- stimulating mast cells to release histamine
- histamine ➡️ vasodilation ( increase in blood flow) ➡️ phagocytes, complement, nutrients to repair damage

Question 31

What cause heat, redness, swelling and pain in inflammation

Answer 31

Histamine = causes swelling
Vasodilation due to histamine being released = causes redness
- vasodilation cause increase blood flow = which causes heat to be present
- pain = swelling and chemicals present