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Physio Fall 22 > L1 (intoduction) > Flashcards

L1 (intoduction) Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology

A

“Nature study” ; body functions

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

“Cutting up” ; body structure

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3
Q

Levels of organization

A

O: organism
O: organ system
O: organ
T: tissue
C: cell
O: organelle
M: macromolecule
M: molecule
A: atom
S: subatomic particle

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4
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells with similar function

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue (functions)

A

Lining, transport, absorption, secretion

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6
Q

Connective tissue (functions)

A

Strength, supports, elasticity (allows to stretch)

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7
Q

Muscle tissue (functions)

A

Movement

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8
Q

Nerve tissue (functions)

A

Information synthesis, communication, control

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9
Q

Organ

A

Two or more tissues

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10
Q

Nervous system
1. Main function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Regulation of other body systems (use chemical and electrical signals to send/ receive messages)
  2. Brain, spinal cord & nerves
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11
Q

Endocrine system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Secretion of regulating molecules (hormones)
  2. Hormone secreting glands (Pituitary gland, adrenal gland & thyroid gland)
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12
Q

Muscular system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Movement of skeleton
  2. Skeletal muscles
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13
Q

Skeletal system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Support and movement
  2. Bones and cartilage
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14
Q

Circulatory system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Movement of blood through cardiovascular system and lymph through lymphatic system
  2. Blood vessels, heart, & lymphatic vessels
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15
Q

Respiratory system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Gas exchange
  2. Lungs,airways (nose/mouth)
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16
Q

Urinary system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Regulation of blood volume and composition
  2. Kidneys, bladder, uriters, urethra
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17
Q

Almentary (digestive) system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Breakdown of food into molecules that enter the body (use for energy)
  2. Mouth, stomach, large & small intestine, gallbladder, pancreas,
18
Q

Reproductive system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Continuation of human species
  2. Gonads, external genitalia, associated glands/ ducts
19
Q

Integumentary system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Protection/ thermoregulation
  2. Skin, nails, hair
20
Q

Immune system
1. Function
2. Major organs

A
  1. Defense of the body against invading pathogens
  2. Red bone marrow, lymphoid organs
21
Q

Steps of scientific method

A
  1. Observation
  2. Question
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experiment
  5. Analysis
  6. Conclusion
22
Q

Theory

A

Highly supported hypothesis

23
Q

Evolution

A

Gradual development of something simple to complex

24
Q

Life functions

A

Everything our bodies don

25
Q

Homeostasis

A

The dynamic constancy of the body’s internal environment

26
Q

Proteins

A

Essential to cell function; carry out mechanisms (“workers”)

27
Q

What are the 5 life functions in life?

A

Metabolize- produce atp, build muscle & bone
Sense & respond - white blood cells attack invaders, pull hand away from hot stove
Move - go for a walk or run ( external) organelles move w/in cell (internal)
Grow & repair - fetus to adult ; injury/ infection
Reproduce - prepare endometrium ( lining of uterus)

28
Q

Negative feedback (NFL)

A

Reverses the direction of a changing parameter

29
Q

What are some examples of parameters?

A

O2, glucose, h2o, ions, pH, BP, heat

30
Q

Steps of a negative feedback loop

A
  1. Sensor
  2. Integrator center
  3. Effector
31
Q

Parameter

A

Regulated variable ( temp or pH)

32
Q

Set point

A

Value the body tries to maintain

33
Q

Range

A

Value within which parameter must fall between ; if outside sensor is triggered sending stimulus to integrating center

34
Q

Integrating center

A

Receives input from sensor, comparing set point/ range deciding rather or not respond with an effector

35
Q

Effector

A

Produces response in the muscles or glands, taking action and returning the parameter to normal range ( defending homeostasis)

36
Q

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic regarding negative feedback loops?

A

Intrinsic is built into organs and extrinsic is the regulation of an organ by the nervous/ endocrine system.

37
Q

Positive feedback

A

The effector amplifies direction of changing parameter

38
Q

What distinguishes a negative feedback loop from a positive feedback loop?

A

Negative feedback loops reverse the direction of the changing parameter while, positive feedback loop amplifies the direction

39
Q

What are some examples of positive feedback loop?

A

Contractions - help push the baby out
Clotting - stop bleeding
Milk let down- when baby stops sucking milk stops coming out

40
Q

What is an example of negative feedback loop?

A

Blood glucose, blood pressure

41
Q

Protein

A

1 of the macromolecules, where it’s three demential structure determines its function

42
Q

What are the 2 categories of proteins.

A

Structural proteins- provide support, shape & strength
(Do not move!!)

Functional proteins - do work!!! (Machine’s)

Physio Fall 22 (24 decks)

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