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L30 - Gram+ Bacteria III Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridia

microbiology

A
  • Gram+
  • bacillus (racquet-shaped)
  • obligate anaerobes
  • capable of forming spores
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2
Q

Clostridia tetani

pathogenesis

A
  • Spores introduced from soil through a wound
  • Bacteria grow and lyse in injured, anoxic wounds, and they release toxins
  • Toxins transported intra-axonally to spinal neurons
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3
Q

Clostridia tetani

toxins

A
  • tetanospasmin
    • Heavy chain - binds irreversibly to eukaryotic cells
    • Light chain - blocks inhibitory receptors of muscle contraction
  • tetanolysin
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4
Q

Clostridia tetani

clinical manifestations

A
  • Lock jaw
  • Muscle spasming
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5
Q
  • Gram+
  • bacillus (racquet-shaped)
  • obligate anaerobes
  • capable of forming spores
A

Clostridia

microbiology

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6
Q
  • Spores introduced from soil through a wound
  • Bacteria grow and lyse in injured, anoxic wounds, and they release toxins
  • Toxins transported intra-axonally to spinal neurons
A

Clostridia tetani

pathogenesis

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7
Q
  • tetanospasmin
    • Heavy chain - binds irreversibly to eukaryotic cells
    • Light chain - blocks inhibitory receptors of muscle contraction
  • tetanolysin
A

Clostridia tetani

toxins

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8
Q
  • Lock jaw
  • Muscle spasming
A

Clostridia tetani

clinical manifestations

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9
Q

Clostridum botulinum

pathogenesis

A
  • Heat resistant
    • Boiling actually helps by creating an anaerobic environment
    • Destroy toxin through pressure cooker
  • Ingestion through food
  • Release of neurotoxin in bloodstream
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10
Q

Clostridia botulinum

toxicity

A
  • Spores are only toxic in babies, adults are only prone to the toxin itself
    • Honey should be avoided
  • Neurotoxin prevents release of Ach
    • Light chain prevents release of Ach
    • Heavy chain binds the receptor
  • Muscles are unable to contract
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11
Q

Clostridia botulinum

clinical manifestations

A
  • Cranial nerve impairment
  • Paralysis
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12
Q
  • Heat resistant
    • Boiling actually helps by creating an anaerobic environment
    • Destroy toxin through pressure cooker
  • Ingestion through food
  • Release of neurotoxin in bloodstream
A

Clostridum botulinum

pathogenesis

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13
Q
  • Spores are only toxic in babies, adults are only prone to the toxin itself
    • Honey should be avoided
  • Neurotoxin prevents release of Ach
    • Light chain prevents release of Ach
    • Heavy chain binds the receptor
  • Muscles are unable to contract
A

Clostridia botulinum

toxicity

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14
Q
  • Cranial nerve impairment
  • Paralysis
A

Clostridia botulinum

clinical manifestations

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15
Q

Clostridia perfringens

A

cause of gas gangrene

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16
Q

cause of gas gangrene

A

Clostridia perfringens

17
Q

Clostridia difficile

A
  • Common hospital acquired diarrhea
  • Toxins
    • Toxin A
      • Largest bacterial toxin
      • Binds to carbohydrate receptors, causing cell destruction and fluid accumulation
    • Toxin B
18
Q
  • Common hospital acquired diarrhea
  • Toxins
    • Toxin A
      • Largest bacterial toxin
      • Binds to carbohydrate receptors, causing cell destruction and fluid accumulation
    • Toxin B
A

Clostridia difficile

19
Q

Bacillus anthrax

pathogenesis

A
  • Herbivores digest spores from soil
  • Humans acquire bacteria from animals or infected surfaces
  • bacteria lives within macrophages after being phagocytosed
20
Q

Bacillus anthrax

toxins

A
  • Protective Antigen: forms membrane channel
  • Edema Factor: adenylate cyclase; EF and PA form edema toxin together
  • Lethal Factor: LF and PA form lethal toxin
    • Causes necrosis
21
Q

Bacillus anthrax

clinical manifestations

A
  • Itching papule that becomes an eschar
  • Widened mediastinum (space between lungs on X-ray)
22
Q
  • Herbivores digest spores from soil
  • Humans acquire bacteria from animals or infected surfaces
  • bacteria lives within macrophages after being phagocytosed
A

Bacillus anthrax

pathogenesis

23
Q
  • Protective Antigen: forms membrane channel
  • Edema Factor: adenylate cyclase; EF and PA form edema toxin together
  • Lethal Factor: LF and PA form lethal toxin
    • Causes necrosis
A

Bacillus anthrax

toxins

24
Q
  • Itching papule that becomes an eschar
  • Widened mediastinum (space between lungs on X-ray)
A

Bacillus anthrax

clinical manifestations

25
Q

Bacillus cereus

toxins

A
  • Emetic: vomiting
  • Diarrheal: diarrhea
26
Q

Bacillus cereus

pathogenesis

A
  • Spores germinate while rice is cooked
  • Bacteria grow as rice cools
27
Q
  • Emetic: vomiting
  • Diarrheal: diarrhea
A

Bacillus cereus

toxins

28
Q
  • Spores germinate while rice is cooked
  • Bacteria grow as rice cools
A

Bacillus cereus

pathogenesis

M&I (32 decks)

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