L10 - Cytokines and Inflammation

Question 1

functions of NK cells

Answer 1

kill tumor cells, kill virally infected cells, produce cytokines (most importantly IFN-γ)

Question 2

IFN-γ

Answer 2

cytokine that is produced by NK cells and activates macrophages

Question 3

NK cell activation

Answer 3

IL-12 (from macrophages), IFN1 (from virally infected cells), ADCC (via Fc receptor of IgG)

Question 4

manifestations of inflammation

Answer 4

• heat
• redness
• swelling
• pain
• loss of function

Question 5

acute vs chronic inflammation

Answer 5

Question 6

steps of CT healing

Answer 6

1. inflammation (including removal of debris)
2. angiogenesis (promoted by VEGF and apoxia)
3. migration and proliferation of fibroblasts
4. scar formation
5. connective tissue remodeling

Question 7

phases of cutaneous wound healing

Answer 7

1. inflammation (clot formation, chemotaxis)
2. proliferation (re-epitheliazation, granulation tissue)
3. maturation (collagen matrix, wound contraction)

Question 8

primary vs secondary union

Answer 8

primary: small, clean incision
secondary: large defects or loss of tissue; extensive collagen deposition

Question 9

systemic factors that influence wound healing

Answer 9

nutrition, metabolic status, circulatory status, hormones

Question 10

local factors that influence wound healing

Answer 10

infection, mechanical factors, foreign bodies, size/location/type of wound

Question 11

complications of wound healing

Answer 11

1. deficient scar formation: can lead to ulceration
2. excessive scar formation: can lead to fibrosis
3. contraction: can lead to contractures

Question 12

cytokine that is produced by NK cells and activates macrophages

Answer 12

IFN-γ