L23 - Rheumatic Disease Flashcards
rheumatoid factors
IgG and IgM antibodies produced in the synovium against the Fc portion of IgG
pannus
hyperplastic, villus-like projection of synovial tissue
ankylosis
fusion of a joint
pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
- rheumatoid factors create immune complexes
- inflammation due to cytokines and complement
- pannus formation
- obstruction of fluid (containing nutrients) to cartilage
- delivery of degradative enzymes from pannus to cartilage
specific test for RA
cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody test
types of antinuclear antibodies
- antibodies to DNA
- antibodies to histones
- antibodies to non-histone protein bound to RNA
- antibodies to nucleolar antigens
antiphospholipid antibodies in lupus
- lupus anticoagulant
- anticardiolipin antibodies
Smith antigen
nuclear antigen against which patients with lupus may produce antibodies; only present in 30% of SLE cases, but a highly specific indicator of the disease
primary vasculitis
vasculitis with unknown cause
secondary vasculitis
vasculitis that can be attributed to disease
anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)
antibody that forms against antigens in cytoplasm of nucleus; allows for a positive feedback loop in which neutrophils are activated by FcRs and recruit more neutrophils, which release more ANCA antigens
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
measure of the length of fall of a column of RBCs over a given period of time; increased acute phase response results in lowered negative charge between RBCs, causing increased length of fall
vasculitis
inflammation that causes structural damage to a vessel wall
giant cell (temporal) arteritis
large vessel vaculitis
polyarteritis nodosa
- vasculitis of medium vessels
- presents with bowel pain, bleeding, muscle pain or weakness
granulamatosis with polyangitis (Wegener’s)
- vasculitis of small and medium vessels
- c-ANCA observed in 95% of cases
- presents with hemoptysis, hematuria, palpable purpura
- treat with cytoxan
immune-mediated mechanisms of vasculitis
- immune complex mediated
- direct antibody attack
- ANCA
- T-cell mediated
IgG and IgM antibodies produced in the synovium against the Fc portion of IgG
rheumatoid factors
hyperplastic, villus-like projection of synovial tissue
pannus
fusion of a joint
ankylosis
cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody test
specific test for RA
nuclear antigen against which patients with lupus may produce antibodies; only present in 30% of SLE cases, but a highly specific indicator of the disease
Smith antigen
vasculitis with unknown cause
primary vasculitis
vasculitis that can be attributed to disease
secondary vasculitis
