L13 and L14 - Humoral Immunity

Question 1

protease cleavage of antibodies

Answer 1

Question 2

hypervariable regions

Answer 2

regions on the variable regions of both the light and heavy chain that are most susceptible to polymorphisms

Question 3

CDR3

Answer 3

hypervariable region that is most prone to mutation and that is most important in determining complementarity

Question 4

immunogen

Answer 4

antigen that can illicit an immune response

Question 5

hapten

Answer 5

antigen that cannot illicit an immune response of its own

Question 6

epitope

Answer 6

the specific site of an antigen to which an antibody binds

Question 7

outcomes of antigen binding to B-cells

Answer 7

1. differentiation into plasma cells that secrete IgM
2. affinity maturation
3. class-switch recombination
4. differentation into memory B-cells

Question 8

effector functions of antibodies

Answer 8

1. neutralization (IgG and IgA)
2. complement activation: C1q binding to antigen-bound IgG and IgM
3. opsonization: phagocytosis (IgG)
4. ADCC: NK cell activation (IgG)
5. granulocyte activation: IgE

Question 9

order of antibody gene rearrangement

Answer 9

heavy chain, kappa chain, lambda chain

DJ, followed by V-DJ (D is only on heavy chain)

Question 10

VDJ recombinase

Answer 10

enzyme responsible for cleaving DNA during antibody gene rearrangement

Question 11

RAG1/2

Answer 11

enzymes involved in signalling during antibody gene rearrangement

Question 12

TdT

Answer 12

enzyme responsible for randomly adding nucleotides at joints between different segments during antibody gene rearrangement

Question 13

somatic hypermutation

Answer 13

process mediated by AID which results in point mutations in activated B-cells in order to stimulate affinity maturation

Question 14

Omenn syndrome

Answer 14

disease caused by partially functional RAG enzymes; results in a clonal expansion of a small population of T-cells that recognize self-antigen

Question 15

Answer 15

protease cleavage of antibodies

Question 16

regions on the variable regions of both the light and heavy chain that are most susceptible to polymorphisms

Answer 16

hypervariable regions

Question 17

hypervariable region that is most prone to mutation and that is most important in determining complementarity

Answer 17

CDR3

Question 18

antigen that can illicit an immune response

Answer 18

immunogen

Question 19

antigen that cannot illicit an immune response of its own

Answer 19

hapten

Question 20

the specific site of an antigen to which an antibody binds

Answer 20

epitope

Question 21

enzyme responsible for cleaving DNA during antibody gene rearrangement

Answer 21

VDJ recombinase

Question 22

enzymes involved in signalling during antibody gene rearrangement

Answer 22

RAG1/2

Question 23

enzyme responsible for randomly adding nucleotides at joints between different segments during antibody gene rearrangement

Answer 23

TdT

Question 24

disease caused by partially functional RAG enzymes; results in a clonal expansion of a small population of T-cells that recognize self-antigen

Answer 24

Omenn syndrome

Question 25

X-linked agammaglobinemia (XLA)

Answer 25

genetic mutation in Btk, resulting in lack of B-cell signalling; affected individuals lack B-cells and are susceptible to recurrent infections

Question 26

genetic mutation in Btk, resulting in lack of B-cell signalling; affected individuals lack B-cells and are susceptible to recurrent infections

Answer 26

X-linked agammaglobinemia (XLA)

Question 27

AID

Answer 27

enzyme responsible for B-cell affinity maturation and class-switch recombination

Question 28

enzyme responsible for B-cell affinity maturation and class-switch recombination

Answer 28

AID