Kidney Flashcards
What two things are in a renal corpuscle and what are they made of?
Glomerulus-layers of capillaries contacting visceral layer
Bowman’s capsule-parietal layer that collects filtrate. Corpuscle filters into proximal tubule
What disease is podocyte damage common in?
Diabetes
Where is the proximal convoluted tubule, what does it do, and where does it go?
After Bowman’s capsule, filters 70% of ions, 100% of glucose and amino acids. Secretes H and ammonia into filtrate. Goes to thick loop of henle
What does the loop of henle do?
Creates a salt gradient of 1200 in medulla.
Where is the macula densa?
On thick ascending loop of henle. Near JG cells
How do podocytes work?
Have fenestrations on capillary to accept filtrate. Primarily by molecular weight
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?
10% of salt resorption, thiazides work here.
What kidney parts are in the medulla?
Thin loop of henle, collecting duct, vasa recta
How does the kidney work as an endocrine organ?
Erythropoietin from fibroblasts increases RBC production. Vit D also changed
How do proximal and distal convoluted tubules look different?
Distal look clearer
What are the cells of the connecting tubules and collecting ducts?
Principal cells( clear cytoplasm, affected by aldosterone and ADH) and intercalated( dark. Alpha secrete H into urine and Beta secrete bicarbonate)
How does the JG apparatus work?
Macula densa senses Na levels and signals JG cells. These smooth muscle cells make renin, making angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1. Capillaries in lung make ACE to make 1 to 2. 2 makes renal cortex make aldosterone, causing sodium resorption.
What do mesangial cells do?
Remove debris from renal corpuscle. More in lupus
What do bladder and ureter have in common?
Lined with transitional epithelium
