Judaism- Key Moral Principles Flashcards
Mitzvot
Commandments give by g-d to human biengs
Offers guidance on how to worhsip him and how to liveo ur lives
According ti orthodox hudaism- 613 mitxvot in total
Obedience to these brings happiness, joy and fulfullmet in life as comes from g-d the creator
Best known mitzvot
10 commandments- exodus 20:1-15
Inc. vairty of positive and negative commandments , some ethical and some ritual
Aseh
Positive commandments
Instructions on something which mystr eb done or followed ‘love the lord your g-d’
248 of these
Ta’aseh
Negative commandments- prohibitions
Saying what must not be done
Eg ‘thou shalt not murder’ 365 of them
Why mixture of aseh and ta’aseh
Humans respond best to positive commandments
But g-d’s authoruity must clearly prohibit what’s worng- idolatrym myder and stealing
G-d letting his people dowb if he did not make these commandments clear enough for them to be able to be obeyed
Chukim
Mitzvot humans cannot understand
Many kashrut food laws- kosher
Mishpatim
Mitzvot humans can understand
10 c
Orthodox on chukim and mishpatim
Chukim=mishpatim
G-d Gave commmandments so should be followed
Reform chukim and mishpatim
May prioritize mishpatim over chukim
6 contant mitzvot
Rules/laws should always be in the minds of jews
-know there is a g-d
-dont believe in other g-ds
Know g-d is one
Love g-d
Fear g
Dont be misled by your disires- may be hard to follow- stay focused
Free will and mitzvot
Problem with free will and all knowing and all powerful g-d
Presumably g-d knows all along if obefdient in time
‘Free choice’ to be obedient or disoedient is predetermines
But just because g-d knows something in advance doesnt mean he preordained it- otheriwse g-d responsible for all human evil
Where did beliefs on free will come from
Jewish tradition
G-d complete soverignty over human beliefs
Torah- makes clearm obedient to mitzvot is a choice
Deutromony 30:19- ‘therefore choose life, that thou mayst live’
Covenant and free will
Abraham, jacob and moses chose to form moses- people choose to remain faithful to covenant
Most jews believe freedom to choose is fundemental to god’s relationship with human belief
Hard to see why g-d would need to command observance if his law unless one had a chouice NOT to
Ritual mitzvot
Rabbanic interpretation
-purpose is to create a relationship between hman beings and g-d- positive coveneant
Most are aseh- top 4/10 commmandments most important
Worship and festivals
‘Seventh day is a savvath, unto the lord thy g-d’ ‘shalt not do any manner of work’ exodus 20:2-17
Ethical mitzvot
Create relationship between humans in order to create nation of israel= moses led israelites out of egypt and had been slaves for generations
Egyptions tried to deprive of their identityu as a nation and monotheism- shown how isrealites returned tyo isolation of goldern calf at mt sinai
Deliveer torah to moses- g-d called srael into being as a nation-f ree people under rule of g-d
In order to work- isralis soverienty of g-d and no other- made free ethical choices in their relatoinshops with one anothegr
Most ta’aseh- negative 10c- ‘thou shalt not muder’