Islam- Eschatological Beliefs

Question 1

Predestination

Answer 1

-al-Qadr
-everything that happens in this world is planned by Allah
-allah has foreknowledge (Ilm) of all things
inc. things not happened yet

Question 2

Foreknowledge arabic

Answer 2

ilm

Question 3

Predestination arabic

Answer 3

Al-qadr

Question 4

Why are muslims not disheartened

Answer 4

-can pray to allah to change it
-accept all things as the will of Him

Question 5

Why should muslims not boast about their sucess

Answer 5

-happening only because of the will of allah

Question 6

Where did allah write predestined

Answer 6

Al-Lawh al-Mahfooz (preserved tablet
-written before the creation of anything else

Question 7

Quote on predestination on preserved tablet

Answer 7

13:39
No change can take place to what is written unless it is the will of Allah

Question 8

Jabariyyah

Answer 8

-humans have no free will
all actions determined by lah

Question 9

Contradictions with jabariyyah and human free will ect.

Answer 9

-if god responsible for human actions
also for evil and suffering
so how can be merciful and benevolent
-day of resurrection- judge humans on actions
but only can be judged fairly if have responsibility for them
but then how can be planned by allah

Question 10

Mu’tazilah

Answer 10

-origionated 800ce
-human free will meant no predestination
through free will- humans will determine what happens in the world rather than allah
-day of judgement
-each person judged on actions they had taken with their free will
fate of each person is deteermined by Allah’s Divine Justice

Question 11

Divine intercession

Answer 11

-allah shows mercy t sinners and free them from fires of hell

Question 12

How did divine intercession and allah divine justice contradict

Answer 12

-absolute, no mercy just sent to hell

Question 13

Shi’a muslim belief on predestination and free will

Answer 13

-partial free will
-allah knowledge of all
-he may choose to change anything He wills at any time
-human choices and actions can cause changes

Question 14

Quote that support allah can change anything

Answer 14

7:142
Allah changed the period musa worships from 30-40 days before he recieves the Tawrat
which was a change from musa’s perspective but known by allah all along

Question 15

Quote thathuman choices and actions can cause changes

Answer 15

13:11
‘Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves’

Question 16

Ash’ari school- free will and predesination

Answer 16

-follow the teachings of 9th century ce
of imam al-ash’ari
-middle ground between free will and predestination
-while god created everything, including human actions
humans could ‘acquire’ the act and make a choice between right and wrong course of actuon
-allah could use Divine Intercession
show mercy to remover sinners from hell

Question 17

Common teachings of pre destination and free will

Answer 17

-allah requires people to use their free will
allowing humans to do what they chose
even if choose evil
allah knows what choices they will make
-final judgement (of choices) are made after death
already known by allah

Question 18

Sunni teachings

Answer 18

-120 dayys after conception- embryo/foetus recieves a soul
-angel records their sex, lifetime earings and wether enter Paradise or hell
-angels record all a persons does
-day of judgement- book read out
-good muslims to Paradise: not to hell
-decisions made w/ free will affect rewards or punishment from allah in afterlife
allah already knows what decisions humans will make

Question 19

Quote for free will

Answer 19

2:256
‘There is no compulsion in hte religion [Islam]”
‘The right direction is distinctly clear from error’

-there is right and wrong but Islam doesn’t force muslims to act in particular way

Question 20

Quote for paradise and hell

Answer 20

30:14-16
‘For those who believed and carried out good deeds they will be delighted in paradise’
‘Those who disbelieved and rejected Our signs…will be brought forth in the punishment’

Question 21

Quote for predestination

Answer 21

17:13
‘For every person We have tied their fate to their neck’

Question 22

Quote on day of judgement

Answer 22

17:13
‘On the Day of Judgement We shall bring forth a book which they will find wide open’