Islam- Eschatological Beliefs Flashcards
Predestination
-al-Qadr
-everything that happens in this world is planned by Allah
-allah has foreknowledge (Ilm) of all things
inc. things not happened yet
Foreknowledge arabic
ilm
Predestination arabic
Al-qadr
Why are muslims not disheartened
-can pray to allah to change it
-accept all things as the will of Him
Why should muslims not boast about their sucess
-happening only because of the will of allah
Where did allah write predestined
Al-Lawh al-Mahfooz (preserved tablet
-written before the creation of anything else
Quote on predestination on preserved tablet
13:39
No change can take place to what is written unless it is the will of Allah
Jabariyyah
-humans have no free will
all actions determined by lah
Contradictions with jabariyyah and human free will ect.
-if god responsible for human actions
also for evil and suffering
so how can be merciful and benevolent
-day of resurrection- judge humans on actions
but only can be judged fairly if have responsibility for them
but then how can be planned by allah
Mu’tazilah
-origionated 800ce
-human free will meant no predestination
through free will- humans will determine what happens in the world rather than allah
-day of judgement
-each person judged on actions they had taken with their free will
fate of each person is deteermined by Allah’s Divine Justice
Divine intercession
-allah shows mercy t sinners and free them from fires of hell
How did divine intercession and allah divine justice contradict
-absolute, no mercy just sent to hell
Shi’a muslim belief on predestination and free will
-partial free will
-allah knowledge of all
-he may choose to change anything He wills at any time
-human choices and actions can cause changes
Quote that support allah can change anything
7:142
Allah changed the period musa worships from 30-40 days before he recieves the Tawrat
which was a change from musa’s perspective but known by allah all along
Quote thathuman choices and actions can cause changes
13:11
‘Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves’
Ash’ari school- free will and predesination
-follow the teachings of 9th century ce
of imam al-ash’ari
-middle ground between free will and predestination
-while god created everything, including human actions
humans could ‘acquire’ the act and make a choice between right and wrong course of actuon
-allah could use Divine Intercession
show mercy to remover sinners from hell
Common teachings of pre destination and free will
-allah requires people to use their free will
allowing humans to do what they chose
even if choose evil
allah knows what choices they will make
-final judgement (of choices) are made after death
already known by allah
Sunni teachings
-120 dayys after conception- embryo/foetus recieves a soul
-angel records their sex, lifetime earings and wether enter Paradise or hell
-angels record all a persons does
-day of judgement- book read out
-good muslims to Paradise: not to hell
-decisions made w/ free will affect rewards or punishment from allah in afterlife
allah already knows what decisions humans will make
Quote for free will
2:256
‘There is no compulsion in hte religion [Islam]”
‘The right direction is distinctly clear from error’
-there is right and wrong but Islam doesn’t force muslims to act in particular way
Quote for paradise and hell
30:14-16
‘For those who believed and carried out good deeds they will be delighted in paradise’
‘Those who disbelieved and rejected Our signs…will be brought forth in the punishment’
Quote for predestination
17:13
‘For every person We have tied their fate to their neck’
Quote on day of judgement
17:13
‘On the Day of Judgement We shall bring forth a book which they will find wide open’
