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Islam- Prophethood Flashcards

1
Q

Prophethood- arabic name

A

Risalah

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2
Q

Prophethood

A

-means of communicating between allah and humans
-humans limited in knowledge and are imperfect- need allahs guidance

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3
Q

Prophet

A

-messenger
-chosen by allah
-teach, guide and train people how to follow Him
-how to live a life that pleases him
-human
-not to be worshipped
-equal status

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4
Q

Qur’an and prophets

A

-mentions 25 of them
-start w/ adam
-end w/ Muhammed as ‘seal of the prophets’ (33.41)

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5
Q

Other books that reveal other prophets

A

Tawrat (torah)- moses
Zabur (psalms) -revealed to david
Injil (gospel) of isa -revealed to jesus
Sahifah ibrahim (Scrolls of abraham )- revealed to abraham

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6
Q

Why is qr’an more important over other religious texts

A

-exists in origional form
-in arabic and unchanges
-otehrs written after death of prophets
-contents distorted
-no longer literal words of allah but mixed with those of humans

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7
Q

Adam

A

-means ‘man’ in arabic
-first prophet
-first man created
-own image as ‘Kalifa’
wanted adamto act for Him on earth

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8
Q

Adam’s creation

A

-made from dust off round, combined w/ water to form clay, breathe life into him by His spirit
-knowledge of created world, ability to reason and make choices
-tested infront of His angels
-answered all, angels bowed in respect
-except iblis
-allah made Adam Hawwa (eve) to live with him in Jannah (paradise)
one rule not eat forbidden fruit
all humans from Adam and Hawwa

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9
Q

Eve in arabic

A

Hawwa

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10
Q

Hawwa

A

Eve

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11
Q

Jannah

A

Paradise

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12
Q

Paradise in arabic

A

Jannah

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13
Q

Satan in arabic

A

Iblis

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14
Q

Iblis

A

-satan
-made from fire
-believed himself bettwer than adam as him made from fire and adam from dust
-allah expelled iblis from his presence
-therefore iblis seeks to misguide adam and all his descendents

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15
Q

Forbidden fruit

A

-they ate it
-iblis tempted
Asked for forgiveness
-sent out of jannah to live on earth

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16
Q

Ibrahim

A

-‘a man of truth’ 19.41
-believed in one true god
-born in polytheistic family in Babylon, father an Idol maker
-realised idols not worthy of worship
-after chosen as prophet, Ibrahim told his father &people of Babylon wrong to worship the carved idols
-sent out of babylon

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17
Q

Ibrahim’s children

A

Ismai’il- 2nd wife- hajar
Ishaq- sarah

Both prophets

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18
Q

Who is the father of arab people

A

Ibrahim then to isma’il

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19
Q

Test of faith- ibrahim

A

-allah told ibrahim to kill his son, isma’il
-iblis told 3 times not to
-ibrahim resisted and threw stones
-as followed allah’s instructions, swapped with ram

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20
Q

Importance of Ibrahim to islam

A

-his journey and life commemorated part of rites undertaken during pilgrimage of hajj
-father of monotheism
-he was Hanif
-‘allah did take ibrahim for a friend’ 4.125
-du’a -special prayer
-allah to bless ibrahim and his family
-end of salah- prayer

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21
Q

Hanif

A

Beliver of one god

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22
Q

Prayer- arabic

A

Salah

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23
Q

Zamzam well

A

-place where water sprang up
-pilgrims encouraged to drink water as much as possible
-available water coolers and taps round holy mosque

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24
Q

Where do the ishmealite tribe come from

A

Isma’il
Include muhammed

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25
Makkah
Centre of islam -pilgramige to it Pray facing it
26
Isma’il life
-son of Ibrahim as a blessing from allah 37.100 -allah told ibrahim to leave him with his mothr (hajar) in saudi arabia- makkah -left with dates and flask of water in deserted place -ibrahim- remained obedient to allah despite hajar’s questioning -prayed they would recieve kindness so they could be thankfu; -when flask of water ran out -hajar searched between two hills 7 tmes -on 8th time, isma’il kicked ground w/ hill and water spurted up -that spot where isma’il and mum settled -after hajar death- ibrahim visisted, rebuilt kaaba
27
Musa-where from
-from banu isra’il -isrealites-descendent of jewish patriarch jacob -
28
Musa as a child
-pharoah at time- kill all male isrealite children -so dont grow up to become powerful nation that will toppple egypt -musa mother, allah guidence told her, put musa in river nile -stopped by Pharoah’s family (as musa’s sister- maryam saw) -pharoah wife adopted musa as own -hired nanny to look after him -nanny musa mother -demonstrates allah’s care over mus -power to protect when he chooses
29
When musa grown up
-saw egyptian beating isrealite slave -musa tried to stop, accidently killed egyptian -musa fled egypt -allah told him to return and demand release of isrealite people -after displays of power eg. 10 plagues -pharoah released isrealite people -isrealite people left egypt -pharoah changed mind and sent army after them -allah caused nile to seperate for isrealites, when egyptians followed, brought river back down -shows muslims how god oversees His servants and punishes those who try to oppose Him
30
When musa lead isrealites under allah’s guidance
-allah revealed tawrat (torah) to Moses and gave 10 commandments -qur’an records musa as ‘graceful servant’ of allah -‘honorable person in the sight of god’ 33.69
31
Duwud
David Prophet and king of isrealites (positin given to him by allah)
32
Duwud heroic actions
-killed giant goliath -goliath part of Philistine army (whom isrealites at war with ) -rest of isrealite army too scared to fight
33
What happened after goliath dead
-philistines ran from isrelaites -talut (saul) - king at time- rewarded dawud -making him commander of army -soon jealous of dawud- despite dawud trying to make peace within
34
What happened when talut killed by his enemies
-isrealites agreed dawud become kind
35
Under king david/dawud
-nation of isreal prospored -fear and respect allah -zabur (book of psalms) revealed to dawud by allah -gave lessons for isrealites for how to pray to allah
36
Isa
-jesus La-giver -recieved revelations from allah as recorded in injil (gospel) -born to virgin mary (maryam) and had no father
37
Significance of isa
-spoke when in his cradle -miracles in his life -healing people -raising dead -foretold the coming of prophet muhammed ‘giving Glad Tidings f a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmed’ ahmed=muhammed
38
Sunni belief of isa
-isa is the messiah -who will return on the day of resurrection at end of world and bring together true muslims -according to hadith (sayings of muhammed_ -isa establish islam and make war until all religions except islam is destroyed
39
Christians belief of jesus
Divine
40
Muslim belief of isa
-isa didnt die -allah took him into his presence -isa human -chosen to deliver His message- other prophets
41
Muhammed
-last prophet- seal -his life is an example that muslims follow today ‘excellent example’ 33.21 -sent to declare truth of islam over other religions ‘that he may uplift it above every religion, though the unbelivers may hate it’
42
Early Life of muhammed
-born in Makkah, Arabia -570ce -parents died by time he was 6 and grandfather when 8 -bought up by uncle- Abu Talib- leader of Quarish tribe
43
Muhammed life
-when visitng Syria- Christian monk- Bahira -muhmmed later grow up to be a prophet -as he grew up-gained reputation for justice and honesty -when working he met a wealthy woman (who was over 40 and a widow) who proposed t him -had several children together but both sons died before could be made prophet
44
Makkah
-holy cty -annually arab tribesmen came on pilgramage -inside cube shaped building- the Kaaba
45
Kaaba
Cube shaped buidling nside Makkah Contained 360 idols
46
What happened when Kaaba needed rebuilding
-carried out. By tribes of the quaraysh muhammed involved -final part was to place the Hajar al-Aswad -dispute over who would place it in -to avod bloodshed, it was decided that whoevr arrived first in the morning would gt to do it this was muhammed -decided that the stone shoudl be put in the centre of a clotha nd everyone should lift it up -signified muhammed’s role in bringing about peace -became monotheistc, rejected idols, worshipped only allah
47
Hajar al-Aswad
-sared black stone from Jannah -placed on east wing of Kaaba
48
Revelation of the qur’an
-when meditating outside Makkah -angel appeared to M -committed him to read but he replied ‘I am not a reader’ -squeezed so hard thought he would die -oce released- commanded to reead- repeat 3 tmes until muhammed recited verses -m saw angel jibril flying away from him -declare him a messenger of allah
49
Recitation
Muhammed rretteling his revelation from angel jibril rom allah -revelations make up qur’an
50
Who was the first to accept muhammed as prophet
Khadija His wife Committed to follow islam
51
Night of power
-night when muhammed recieved first verses of qur’an- laylat al-quad’r -occurs last 10 month of ramadam (9th month in muslim calender) -commemorated during ramadamtoday- devoting to prayer and reading of qur’an -start of allah’s fnal revelation- important to muslims
52
Quote of angel to mujammed
‘Read in the name of your Lord who created. Created man from a clot of blood. Read, and your lord is most generous, who taught by the pen. Taught man what he did not know’ 96:1-5
53
Muhammed as prophet
-preached publicly- sharing allah’s messages -followers and oposition increased -helped to set up islamic community in Yathrib -battles between people of Makkah and Mednhah -m died of fever- buried in Medinah
54
622CE- muhammed
-left Makkah to travel to Yathrib- invted by its leaders -there first community run according to islamic principles -laterruled this community- renamed to Madinah- ‘city of the prophet’
55
How did islam become more organised
-Madinah -lead by muhammed -gave instructions on prayer, fasting, charity and pilgrimae -quoted in qur’an
56
Hijrah
Emigration
57
Emigraton
Hijrah
58
Islamic calender started
Migration First dated from ah ‘n the year of the hijrah’
59
624-630CE- muhammed
-battles between people of Makkah and Medinah muslims -630 medinah muslims won victory over poeple in makkah -idols of makkah destroyed reclaimed as muslim holy city
60
632CE
-M died of fever -buried in Medinah -left behind community of 100,000 muslims -farewell speech on last pilgrimage to makkah
61
Muhammed farewell speech
‘O people, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born… i leave behind me 2 things, the qur’an and my example the Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray’
62
Muhammed as the seal of prophets
-provided the final revelation in qur’an -unchanged- direct words of allah to muslims -faithful and trustworthy- enabled establishment of islam at time when monotheism not general practise -wise prophet- responded to many events in lifetime
63
Shi’a muslims
-m is the ‘seal of the prophets’ -qur’an revealed as god’s fnal revelation -imamate- 12 imams -god communicate new messages through inspirations
64
What happened after muhammed’s death
Division over who would suced -shi’a (smaller)- son in law and cousin- ali -ali divinely appointed to be first imam -sunni(most)- father in law and companion -new leader (khalifah)

1-Religious Studies (25 decks)

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