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1-Religious Studies > Islam- Prophethood > Flashcards

Islam- Prophethood Flashcards

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1
Q

Prophethood- arabic name

A

Risalah

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2
Q

Prophethood

A

-means of communicating between allah and humans
-humans limited in knowledge and are imperfect- need allahs guidance

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3
Q

Prophet

A

-messenger
-chosen by allah
-teach, guide and train people how to follow Him
-how to live a life that pleases him
-human
-not to be worshipped
-equal status

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4
Q

Qur’an and prophets

A

-mentions 25 of them
-start w/ adam
-end w/ Muhammed as ‘seal of the prophets’ (33.41)

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5
Q

Other books that reveal other prophets

A

Tawrat (torah)- moses
Zabur (psalms) -revealed to david
Injil (gospel) of isa -revealed to jesus
Sahifah ibrahim (Scrolls of abraham )- revealed to abraham

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6
Q

Why is qr’an more important over other religious texts

A

-exists in origional form
-in arabic and unchanges
-otehrs written after death of prophets
-contents distorted
-no longer literal words of allah but mixed with those of humans

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7
Q

Adam

A

-means ‘man’ in arabic
-first prophet
-first man created
-own image as ‘Kalifa’
wanted adamto act for Him on earth

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8
Q

Adam’s creation

A

-made from dust off round, combined w/ water to form clay, breathe life into him by His spirit
-knowledge of created world, ability to reason and make choices
-tested infront of His angels
-answered all, angels bowed in respect
-except iblis
-allah made Adam Hawwa (eve) to live with him in Jannah (paradise)
one rule not eat forbidden fruit
all humans from Adam and Hawwa

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9
Q

Eve in arabic

A

Hawwa

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10
Q

Hawwa

A

Eve

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11
Q

Jannah

A

Paradise

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12
Q

Paradise in arabic

A

Jannah

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13
Q

Satan in arabic

A

Iblis

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14
Q

Iblis

A

-satan
-made from fire
-believed himself bettwer than adam as him made from fire and adam from dust
-allah expelled iblis from his presence
-therefore iblis seeks to misguide adam and all his descendents

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15
Q

Forbidden fruit

A

-they ate it
-iblis tempted
Asked for forgiveness
-sent out of jannah to live on earth

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16
Q

Ibrahim

A

-‘a man of truth’ 19.41
-believed in one true god
-born in polytheistic family in Babylon, father an Idol maker
-realised idols not worthy of worship
-after chosen as prophet, Ibrahim told his father &people of Babylon wrong to worship the carved idols
-sent out of babylon

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17
Q

Ibrahim’s children

A

Ismai’il- 2nd wife- hajar
Ishaq- sarah

Both prophets

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18
Q

Who is the father of arab people

A

Ibrahim then to isma’il

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19
Q

Test of faith- ibrahim

A

-allah told ibrahim to kill his son, isma’il
-iblis told 3 times not to
-ibrahim resisted and threw stones
-as followed allah’s instructions, swapped with ram

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20
Q

Importance of Ibrahim to islam

A

-his journey and life commemorated part of rites undertaken during pilgrimage of hajj
-father of monotheism
-he was Hanif
-‘allah did take ibrahim for a friend’ 4.125
-du’a -special prayer
-allah to bless ibrahim and his family
-end of salah- prayer

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21
Q

Hanif

A

Beliver of one god

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22
Q

Prayer- arabic

A

Salah

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23
Q

Zamzam well

A

-place where water sprang up
-pilgrims encouraged to drink water as much as possible
-available water coolers and taps round holy mosque

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24
Q

Where do the ishmealite tribe come from

A

Isma’il
Include muhammed

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25
Q

Makkah

A

Centre of islam
-pilgramige to it
Pray facing it

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26
Q

Isma’il life

A

-son of Ibrahim as a blessing from allah 37.100
-allah told ibrahim to leave him with his mothr (hajar) in saudi arabia- makkah
-left with dates and flask of water in deserted place
-ibrahim- remained obedient to allah despite hajar’s questioning
-prayed they would recieve kindness so they could be thankfu;
-when flask of water ran out
-hajar searched between two hills 7 tmes
-on 8th time, isma’il kicked ground w/ hill and water spurted up
-that spot where isma’il and mum settled
-after hajar death- ibrahim visisted, rebuilt kaaba

27
Q

Musa-where from

A

-from banu isra’il
-isrealites-descendent of jewish patriarch jacob
-

28
Q

Musa as a child

A

-pharoah at time- kill all male isrealite children
-so dont grow up to become powerful nation that will toppple egypt
-musa mother, allah guidence told her, put musa in river nile
-stopped by Pharoah’s family (as musa’s sister- maryam saw)
-pharoah wife adopted musa as own
-hired nanny to look after him
-nanny musa mother
-demonstrates allah’s care over mus
-power to protect when he chooses

29
Q

When musa grown up

A

-saw egyptian beating isrealite slave
-musa tried to stop, accidently killed egyptian
-musa fled egypt
-allah told him to return and demand release of isrealite people
-after displays of power eg. 10 plagues
-pharoah released isrealite people
-isrealite people left egypt
-pharoah changed mind and sent army after them
-allah caused nile to seperate for isrealites, when egyptians followed, brought river back down
-shows muslims how god oversees His servants and punishes those who try to oppose Him

30
Q

When musa lead isrealites under allah’s guidance

A

-allah revealed tawrat (torah) to Moses and gave 10 commandments
-qur’an records musa as ‘graceful servant’ of allah
-‘honorable person in the sight of god’ 33.69

31
Q

Duwud

A

David
Prophet and king of isrealites (positin given to him by allah)

32
Q

Duwud heroic actions

A

-killed giant goliath
-goliath part of Philistine army (whom isrealites at war with )
-rest of isrealite army too scared to fight

33
Q

What happened after goliath dead

A

-philistines ran from isrelaites
-talut (saul) - king at time- rewarded dawud
-making him commander of army
-soon jealous of dawud- despite dawud trying to make peace within

34
Q

What happened when talut killed by his enemies

A

-isrealites agreed dawud become kind

35
Q

Under king david/dawud

A

-nation of isreal prospored
-fear and respect allah
-zabur (book of psalms) revealed to dawud by allah
-gave lessons for isrealites for how to pray to allah

36
Q

Isa

A

-jesus
La-giver
-recieved revelations from allah as recorded in injil (gospel)
-born to virgin mary (maryam) and had no father

37
Q

Significance of isa

A

-spoke when in his cradle
-miracles in his life
-healing people
-raising dead
-foretold the coming of prophet muhammed
‘giving Glad Tidings f a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmed’
ahmed=muhammed

38
Q

Sunni belief of isa

A

-isa is the messiah
-who will return on the day of resurrection at end of world and bring together true muslims
-according to hadith (sayings of muhammed_ -isa establish islam and make war until all religions except islam is destroyed

39
Q

Christians belief of jesus

A

Divine

40
Q

Muslim belief of isa

A

-isa didnt die
-allah took him into his presence
-isa human
-chosen to deliver His message- other prophets

41
Q

Muhammed

A

-last prophet- seal
-his life is an example that muslims follow today
‘excellent example’ 33.21
-sent to declare truth of islam over other religions
‘that he may uplift it above every religion, though the unbelivers may hate it’

42
Q

Early Life of muhammed

A

-born in Makkah, Arabia
-570ce
-parents died by time he was 6 and grandfather when 8
-bought up by uncle- Abu Talib- leader of Quarish tribe

43
Q

Muhammed life

A

-when visitng Syria- Christian monk- Bahira
-muhmmed later grow up to be a prophet
-as he grew up-gained reputation for justice and honesty
-when working he met a wealthy woman (who was over 40 and a widow) who proposed t him
-had several children together but both sons died before could be made prophet

44
Q

Makkah

A

-holy cty
-annually arab tribesmen came on pilgramage
-inside cube shaped building- the Kaaba

45
Q

Kaaba

A

Cube shaped buidling nside Makkah
Contained 360 idols

46
Q

What happened when Kaaba needed rebuilding

A

-carried out. By tribes of the quaraysh
muhammed involved
-final part was to place the Hajar al-Aswad
-dispute over who would place it in
-to avod bloodshed, it was decided that whoevr arrived first in the morning would gt to do it
this was muhammed
-decided that the stone shoudl be put in the centre of a clotha nd everyone should lift it up
-signified muhammed’s role in bringing about peace
-became monotheistc, rejected idols, worshipped only allah

47
Q

Hajar al-Aswad

A

-sared black stone from Jannah
-placed on east wing of Kaaba

48
Q

Revelation of the qur’an

A

-when meditating outside Makkah
-angel appeared to M
-committed him to read but he replied ‘I am not a reader’
-squeezed so hard thought he would die
-oce released- commanded to reead- repeat 3 tmes until muhammed recited verses
-m saw angel jibril flying away from him
-declare him a messenger of allah

49
Q

Recitation

A

Muhammed rretteling his revelation from angel jibril rom allah
-revelations make up qur’an

50
Q

Who was the first to accept muhammed as prophet

A

Khadija
His wife
Committed to follow islam

51
Q

Night of power

A

-night when muhammed recieved first verses of qur’an- laylat al-quad’r
-occurs last 10 month of ramadam (9th month in muslim calender)
-commemorated during ramadamtoday- devoting to prayer and reading of qur’an
-start of allah’s fnal revelation- important to muslims

52
Q

Quote of angel to mujammed

A

‘Read in the name of your Lord who created. Created man from a clot of blood. Read, and your lord is most generous, who taught by the pen. Taught man what he did not know’ 96:1-5

53
Q

Muhammed as prophet

A

-preached publicly- sharing allah’s messages
-followers and oposition increased
-helped to set up islamic community in Yathrib
-battles between people of Makkah and Mednhah
-m died of fever- buried in Medinah

54
Q

622CE- muhammed

A

-left Makkah to travel to Yathrib- invted by its leaders
-there first community run according to islamic principles
-laterruled this community- renamed to Madinah- ‘city of the prophet’

55
Q

How did islam become more organised

A

-Madinah
-lead by muhammed
-gave instructions on prayer, fasting, charity and pilgrimae
-quoted in qur’an

56
Q

Hijrah

A

Emigration

57
Q

Emigraton

A

Hijrah

58
Q

Islamic calender started

A

Migration
First dated from ah ‘n the year of the hijrah’

59
Q

624-630CE- muhammed

A

-battles between people of Makkah and Medinah muslims
-630 medinah muslims won victory over poeple in makkah
-idols of makkah destroyed
reclaimed as muslim holy city

60
Q

632CE

A

-M died of fever
-buried in Medinah
-left behind community of 100,000 muslims
-farewell speech on last pilgrimage to makkah

61
Q

Muhammed farewell speech

A

‘O people, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born… i leave behind me 2 things, the qur’an and my example the Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray’

62
Q

Muhammed as the seal of prophets

A

-provided the final revelation in qur’an
-unchanged- direct words of allah to muslims
-faithful and trustworthy- enabled establishment of islam at time when monotheism not general practise
-wise prophet- responded to many events in lifetime

63
Q

Shi’a muslims

A

-m is the ‘seal of the prophets’
-qur’an revealed as god’s fnal revelation
-imamate- 12 imams
-god communicate new messages through inspirations

64
Q

What happened after muhammed’s death

A

Division over who would suced
-shi’a (smaller)- son in law and cousin- ali
-ali divinely appointed to be first imam
-sunni(most)- father in law and companion
-new leader (khalifah)

1-Religious Studies (25 decks)

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