jan 9 2021 Flashcards
what is chronic granulomatos disease?
X linked recessive disease leading to recurrent pulmonary and cutaneous infections by catalase positive pathogens
name 4 catalase positive organisms
- staph aureus
- serratia
- burkolderia
- aspergillis
path of chronic granulomatous disease?
defect in NADPH oxidase complex - > inability to form hydrogen peroxide
leukocyte, platelet, b and t cell numbers are normal in CGD, TRUE OR FALSe
TRUe
what is chediak-higashi?
autosomal recessive disorder with recurrent cutaneous infecitons and partial oculocutaneous albinism
which organisms commonly cause infections in chediak-higashi?
staph aureus and strep pyogenes
cutaneous infecitons
what will be seen on a blood count of someone wiht digeorge syndrome?
decreased t cells
inheritance of wiskott-aldrich syndrome?
X-linked
characteristics of wiskott-aldrich syndrome?
- eczema
- thrombocytopenia
- reccurrent infections
how to diagnose chronic granulomatous disease?
- nitroblue tetrazolium test
- dihydrorhodamine 123 test
GI functions of VIP
- suppress gastric acid secretion
- relaxes smooth muscle
- stimulates pancreatic bicarb secretion
- stimulates secretion of water and electrolytes
clinical presentation of a VIPoma
- watery diarrhea
- flushing, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness/cramps
lab findings of VIPoma
- hypokalemia
- hypercalcemia (increased bone resorption)
- hyperglycemia (increased glycogenolysis)
- stool increased sodium and with high oslmolar gap
were are VIPomas commonly located?
pancreatic tail
where do most carcinoid tumours occur?
small intestine
spondylolisthesis =
the slippage of a vertebra directly onto the bone beneath (can be from fracture)
spondylolysis =
pars interarticularis defects
why is spondylolisthesis more common in adolescents?
growth spurt -> increased lumbar lordosis
why are athletes more at risk for spondylolisthesis?
-repetitive back extension/rotation
characteristic exmaination finding of spondylolisthesis?
a palpable ‘step off’ in the spine
clinical features of apnea of prematury?
- intermittent apnea often associated with bradycardia and oxygen desaturation
- baby appears well between episodes
prognosis of apnea of prematury?
-self resolving
diagnosis of apnea of prematurity?
- clinical
- no other investigations needed unless concerning featuures (baby appears unwell, needs resuscitation, etc).
you should investigate apnea of prematurity if it persists past…
term
