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OBS and GYN > jan 9 2021 > Flashcards

jan 9 2021 Flashcards

1
Q

what is chronic granulomatos disease?

A

X linked recessive disease leading to recurrent pulmonary and cutaneous infections by catalase positive pathogens

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2
Q

name 4 catalase positive organisms

A
  • staph aureus
  • serratia
  • burkolderia
  • aspergillis
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3
Q

path of chronic granulomatous disease?

A

defect in NADPH oxidase complex - > inability to form hydrogen peroxide

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4
Q

leukocyte, platelet, b and t cell numbers are normal in CGD, TRUE OR FALSe

A

TRUe

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5
Q

what is chediak-higashi?

A

autosomal recessive disorder with recurrent cutaneous infecitons and partial oculocutaneous albinism

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6
Q

which organisms commonly cause infections in chediak-higashi?

A

staph aureus and strep pyogenes

cutaneous infecitons

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7
Q

what will be seen on a blood count of someone wiht digeorge syndrome?

A

decreased t cells

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8
Q

inheritance of wiskott-aldrich syndrome?

A

X-linked

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9
Q

characteristics of wiskott-aldrich syndrome?

A
  • eczema
  • thrombocytopenia
  • reccurrent infections
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10
Q

how to diagnose chronic granulomatous disease?

A
  • nitroblue tetrazolium test

- dihydrorhodamine 123 test

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11
Q

GI functions of VIP

A
  • suppress gastric acid secretion
  • relaxes smooth muscle
  • stimulates pancreatic bicarb secretion
  • stimulates secretion of water and electrolytes
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12
Q

clinical presentation of a VIPoma

A
  • watery diarrhea

- flushing, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness/cramps

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13
Q

lab findings of VIPoma

A
  • hypokalemia
  • hypercalcemia (increased bone resorption)
  • hyperglycemia (increased glycogenolysis)
  • stool increased sodium and with high oslmolar gap
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14
Q

were are VIPomas commonly located?

A

pancreatic tail

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15
Q

where do most carcinoid tumours occur?

A

small intestine

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16
Q

spondylolisthesis =

A

the slippage of a vertebra directly onto the bone beneath (can be from fracture)

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17
Q

spondylolysis =

A

pars interarticularis defects

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18
Q

why is spondylolisthesis more common in adolescents?

A

growth spurt -> increased lumbar lordosis

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19
Q

why are athletes more at risk for spondylolisthesis?

A

-repetitive back extension/rotation

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20
Q

characteristic exmaination finding of spondylolisthesis?

A

a palpable ‘step off’ in the spine

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21
Q

clinical features of apnea of prematury?

A
  • intermittent apnea often associated with bradycardia and oxygen desaturation
  • baby appears well between episodes
22
Q

prognosis of apnea of prematury?

A

-self resolving

23
Q

diagnosis of apnea of prematurity?

A
  • clinical

- no other investigations needed unless concerning featuures (baby appears unwell, needs resuscitation, etc).

24
Q

you should investigate apnea of prematurity if it persists past…

A

term

25
Q

what is adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder?

A

-loss of normal distensibility of the shoulder due to chronic inflammation, fibrosis and contracture

26
Q

XRAY findings in adhesive capsulitis?

A

normal

27
Q

presentation of adhesive capsulitis?

A
  • stiffness and pain

- decreased active and passive movements

28
Q

intention tremor is a symptom of…

A

cerebellar degeneration

29
Q

babinski sign is characteristic of …

A

an upper motor neuron lesion

30
Q

organophosphate poisoning MOA

A

inhibits acetylcholinesterase - > acetylcholine toxiciity

31
Q

pres of acetylcholine toxicity

A

Muscarinic:
DUMBELLS

Nicotinic:
muscle weakness, paralysis, fasciculations

32
Q

management of organophosphate poisoning?

A
  • remove patients close and irrigate skin
  • Atropine - to reverse muscarinic symptoms
  • Pralidoximine - reverses nicotinic and muscarinic symptoms
33
Q

physostigmine can be used to treat…

A

anti-muscarinic poisoning

34
Q

MOA of physostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor

35
Q

Early onset hypertension + bilateral abdominal masses =

A

ADPKD

36
Q

ideal location for the distal tip of an endotracheal tube?

A

2-6 cm above the carina

37
Q

Transient synovitis most commonly occurs in young children (3-8) after a…

A

mild viral illness

38
Q

What is the second most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (after autoimmune - addisons disease)

A

infectious adrenalitis

39
Q

Someone with a severe asthma attack has a normal pCO2, is this good or bad?

A

It’s bad, the body should respond by hyperventiliation leading to decreased CO2 and alkalosis. Normal PH or CO2 indicates muscle fatigue and impending respiratoyr collapse

40
Q

what is miliary TB

A

massive lymphohematogenous spread of TB

41
Q

causes of peripheral vertigo?

A
  • BPPV
  • Menieres disease
  • Vestibular neuritis
42
Q

causes of central vertigo?

A
  • stroke
  • MS
  • Migraine
43
Q

which type of vertigo can be inhibited by fixation of gaze?

A

PERIPHERAL (NOT CENTRAL)

44
Q

whcih type of vertigo is fatiguable?

A

PERIPHERAL

45
Q

which type of vertigo is associated with severe postural instability?

A

central

46
Q

you need consent from both parents to treat a child under joint-custody, TRUE or FALSE?

A

FALSE - consent from just one is fine

47
Q

Management of heat stroke?

A

-rapid cooling (cold water immersion, cold water dousing, etc.)
-fluid rescuscitation
-

48
Q

quietapine is an…

A

antipsychotic

49
Q

antipyretic therapy is useful in heat stroke T or F

A

FALSE

50
Q

ischemic changes in leads II, III and aVF suggest…

A

inferior wall MI

51
Q

what investigation should be done to confirm right-sided ventricular MI?

A

right-sided precordial ECG

OBS and GYN (42 decks)

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