- pituitary tumours - primary hyperthyroidism - pancreatic tumours

- medullary thyroid carcinoma - primary hyperparathyroidism - pheochromocytoma

- medullary thyroid carcinoma - pheochromocytoma - mucosal neuromas/marfinoid habitus

Jan 7 2021 Flashcards by erin walton-ball

Clinical features of osteogenesis imperfecta

frequent fractures
blue sclera
hearing loss and speech delay
short to normal stature
dentogenesis imperfecta
jiont hypermobility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Duchennes and becker muscular dystrophy are associated with mutations in…

dystrophin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Marfans has mutations in..

fibrillin-1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Achondroplasia is associated with mutations in…..

FGFR-3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

-an exaggerated response to an inhaled antigen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

presentation of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Abrupt-onset fever, chills, cough, SOB, leukocytosis

episodes recurrent and self-resolving
fine crackles on lung auscultation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chest XRAY findings of acute hypersensitivity pneumonits

scattered micronodular interstitial opacities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

presentation of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis

progressive cough, dyspnea, fatigue, weight loss

- hypoxemia that worsens with exertion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chest XRAY findings of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis

diffuse reticular interstitial opacities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

removal of offending antigen

-glucocorticoids and lung transplant for chronic form

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what pattern of PFT is seen with hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

restrictive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is anchoring bias

-relying on INITIAL impressions to make a diagnosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment of giardia

tinadazole OR metronidazole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pathogenesis of giardia

-disruption of epithelial tight junctions in enterocytes leading to malabsorption

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is ETEC diarrhea watery of fatty?

watery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ETEC usually self resolves within…

5 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

presentation of retinal detachment

flashes of light and floaters in vision

- ‘curtain coming down’

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

opthalamic exam findings of retinal detachment

grey, elevated retina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MEN1 associations

pituitary tumours
primary hyperthyroidism
pancreatic tumours

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MEN2A associations

medullary thyroid carcinoma
primary hyperparathyroidism
pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MEN2B associations

medullary thyroid carcinoma
pheochromocytoma
mucosal neuromas/marfinoid habitus

what causes wernicke encephalopathy?

-thiamine deficiency (alcoholism, malnutrition, hyperemesisi)

presentation of wernicke encephalopathy ?

encephalopathy
oculomotor dysfunction (horizontal nystagmus, bilateral abducens palsy)
postural gait ataxia

treatment of wernicke encephalopathy

IV thiamine followed by glucose

are oculomotor symptoms common in B12 deficiency?

lateral epicondylitis is caused by overuse of the...

extensors

mutation in chronic myeloid leukemia?

BCR-ABL

cause of leukemoid reaction?

infection

LAP is ___ in a leukemoid reaction

high

LAP is ____ in chronic myeloid leukemia

low

basophilia is present in a leukemoid reaction TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE

what is chronic myeloid leukemia a proliferation of ?

mature myeloid cells, especially granulocytes and precursors (basophils usually increased)

acute leukemia vs chronic leukemia?

-acute leukemia has >20% BLASTS

pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid?

igG antibodies against hemidesmosomes in basement membrane

what is clobetasol?

high potency glucocorticoid

treatment of bullous pemphigoid?

high potency topical glucocorticoids

chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the proliferation of...

naive B cells that coexpress CD5 and CD20

complicatinos of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

- hypogammaglobulinemia - acute hemolytic anemia - transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma (richter)

presentation of alzheimers disease

- early insidious short term memory loss - language deficits and spatial disorientation - late personality changes

vascular dementia presentation

- stepwise decline - early executive functino decline - cerebral infarction & other white matter changes on neuroimaging

frontotemporal dementia presentation

- early personality changes - apathy, disinhibition, compulsive behaviour - frontotemporal atrophy on imaging

dementia with lewy bodies presentation

- visual hallucinations - spontaneous parkinsonisn - fluctuating cognition - REM disorders

normal pressure hydrocephalus presentation

- ataxia - urinary incontinence - dilated ventricles on imaging

prion disease presentation

- behavioural changes - rapid progression - myoclonus/seizures

presentation of onychomycosis

-extensive thickening and discoloration of toenails

pathogenesis of breast milk jaundice

-unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia caused by increased-beta glucoronidase in breast milk

when does breast milk jaundice peak?

2nd week of life

gilbert syndrome causes high unconjugated/conjugated bilirubin?

UNconjugated

crigler-najar syndrome causes high unconjugated/conjugated bilirubin?

UNconjugated

when does physiologic jaundice occur?

the first few days of life and resolves in 1-2 weeks

is physiologic jaundice conjugated or unconjugated?

unconjugated

anasarca =

massive and generalized edema