Jan 7 2021 Flashcards
types of pleural effusion?
transudative and exudative
Lights criteria for an exudative effusion
One of:
- Pleural fluid protein/serum ratio >0.5
- Pleural fluid LDH > serum ratio > 0.6
- Pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 the upper limit of normal for serum LDH
is tympanic membrane erythema alone enough to warrant antibiotics?
no - not diagnostic of acute otitis media
shape of cysteine stone?
hexagonal
the absorption of which amino acids are impaired in cystinuria?
cystine, ornithine, arginine, lysine
what does a cyanide-nitroprusside test indicate?
whether there is elevated levels of cystine in the urine
path of common variable immunodeficiency?
-the inability of B cells to mature into plasma cells leading to low antibodies and reccurrent infection
treatment of CVID?
immunoglobulin replacement
most common cause of community-aquired bacterial meningitis?
strep pneumonia
conventional beta blockers are associated with increased risk of..
type II diabetes
how do conventional beta blockers lead to increased risk of diabetes?
by blocking beta-effects, alpha effects are unopposed. Alpha 1 vasoconstriction decreases glucose uptake into muscles - > increased glucose and icnreased insulin secretion
do all beta blockeres increase risk of diabetes?
No - some beta blcokers (carvedilol, labetolol) also block alpha effects
SCREENING and CONFIRMATORY antibodies in SLE?
screening: ANA
confirmatory: anti-ds DNA
which enzyme breaks down bradykinin?
ACE
presentation of anti-cholinergic toxicity?
confusion, tachycardia, temperature elevations, pupillary dilations, etc.
A baby born with hypospadias needs. .
karyotype analysis
treatment of female pattern hair loss
topical minoxidil
MOA of minoxidil
vasodilator - increases blood flow to the scalp
most common cause of osteomyelitis?
s aureus
tactile fremitis is ____ with pleural effusion
decreased
tactile fremitis is ____ with consolidation
increased
tactile fremitis is ____ with pneumothorax
decreased
tactile fremitis is ____ with atelectasis
decreased
symmetric proximal muscle weakness and rash on dorsum of fingers =
dermatomyositis
dermatomyositis is a ..
paraneoplastic syndrome
how to diagnose dermatomyositis?
muscle biopsy
Are reflexes normal in lambert-eaton syndrome?
no - they are diminished
what acid-base disturbance occurs with salcylate overose?
MIXED ACID-BASE
-respiratory alkalosis
-metabolic acidosis
= NEAR NORMAL PH
UTI with a high pH indicates…
infection with a urease producing bacteria (proteus mirabilis or klebsiella)
what is a normal JVP?
6-8 cm
why are SGA babies at risk for polycythemia?
increased EPO in response to hypoxemia
are SGA are risk for hypercalcemia?
NO - hypOcalcemia
what kind of poisoning may occur from being in a house fire?
cyanide or carbon monoxide poisoning
treatment of cyanide poisoning
hydroxocobalmin or sodium thiosulfate or inducing methemoglobinemia
