jan 22 Flashcards
treatment of otitis externa
TOPICAL antibiotic with or without topic glucocorticoid
transient synovitis clinical presentation
- well-appearing
- afebrile or low-grade fever
- able to bear weight
diagnosis of transient synovitis
-normal or mildly elevated WBCs, ESR, CRP
-unilateral or bilateral joint effusion on ultrasound
(diagnosis of exlusion)
ultrasound findings of transient synovitis?
unilateral or bilateral joint effusion
treatment of transient synovitis?
conservative
clinical presentation of septic arthritis
- ill-appearing
- febrile
- non-weight bearing
diagnosis of septic arthritis
- elevated WBCs, ESR, CRP
- possible positive blood culture
- unilateral joint effusion on ultrasound
- synovial fluid >50 000 WBCs
treatment of septic arthritis
joint drainage & antibiotics
how to diagnosis septic arthritis VS transient synovitis:
Hip ultrasound: if unilateral joint effusion, then arthrocentesis is required to differentiate
causes of pleuritic chest pain?
- PE
- costochondritis
- pericarditis
- malignany
- infection
a PE can cause pleuritic chest pain T or F
TRUE
work up in suspected PE?
CT pulmonary angiography
patients with sickle cell disease are at high risk for sepsis from which organisms?
- strep pneumonia
- H influenza
- Neisseria meningitis
what is olopatadine?
mast cell stabilizing agent
what is azelastine?
mast cell stabilizing agent
management of viral conjunctivits?
-warm or cold compress
presentation of herpes simplex keratitis?
-painful, red eye, impaired vision, opacification of the cornea, corneal ulcers
management of pes anserine bursitits?
-rest and NSAIDs, exercises to improve strength in quadriceps and hamstring
chronic kidney disease significantly increases the risk of…
TB reactivation
lab findings of osteomalacia?
- increased alkaline phosphatase
- increased PTH
- decreased serum calcium and phosphorous, decreased urinary calcium
vitamin D deficiency may lead to…..
osteomalacia
causes of toxic peripheral neuropathy?
- alcohol use
- medications
- heavy metals
alcoholic neuropathy presentation?
symmetric distal polyneuropathy -stocking glove pattern with parasthesias, burning pain, numbness
presentation of whipple disease
- chronic malabsorptive diarrhea
- weight loss
- migratory non-deforming arthritis
- lymphadenoapthy
- low grade fever
small intestine biopsy findings in Whipple disease
PAS positive macrophages in the lamina propria containing non-acid-fast gram + bacilli
does breastfeeding or breast milk jaundice present in the first week of life?
breastfeeding jaundice
does breastfeeding or breast milk jaundice peak at 2 weeks of life?
breast milk jaundice
path of breastfeeding jaundice?
-insufficient intake of breast milk -> decreased bilirubin elimination
path of breast milk jaundice?
high levels of Beta-glucoronidase in breast milk -> deconjugation of intestinal bilirubin
how often should a newborn breastfeed?
every 2-3 hours
Aseptic (viral) meningitis, rash and genearl lymphadenopathy with negative enterovirus or HSV, suggests…
Acute HIV infection
patients with chronic autoimmune disease are at increasd risk for which cancer?
non-hodgkins lymphoma
presentation of non-hodgkins lymphoma
painless lymphadenopathy, B symptoms (night sweats, fever, weight loss)
lab findings of Non-hodgkins lymphoma?
increased LDH
if NSAIDs are ineffecitve for back pain, the next pharmacotherapy is…
non-benzo muscle relaxants
what causes fetal hydantoin syndrome?
in utero exposure to anti-epileptics (phenytoin, valproate, etc)
features of fetal hydantoin syndrome?
cleft lip and palate, wide fontanelle, distal phalange hypoplasia, microcephaly, cardiac defects
which organs are often targeted in graft vs host disease?
- palms, soles, face -> rash
- intestines -> bloody diarrhea
- liver -> LFTs and jaundice
where are neuroblastomas commonly located?
- adrenal medulla
- cervical parasympathetic chain
clinical features of a neuroblastoma?
- age <2
- abdominal mass
- periorbital echymoses
- spinal cord compression
- opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome
which gene is associated with neuroblastoma?
n-myc
histology findings of neuroblastoma?
small, round, blue cells
what is commonly elevated in the blood of children with neuroblastoma?
catelcholamine metabolites
xray findings of a foreign body aspiration?
- hyperinflation of the effected side
- mediastinal shift toward unaffected side
- atelectasis if obstruction is complete
decreased serum albumin can lead to…
low serum calcium
ondansetron MOA
serotonin receptor antagonist
first line treatment for chemo induced nausea?
serotonin receptor antagonists
what must the CD4 count be of an HIV + patient before they get the live varicella vaccine?
> 200
what is the best diagnostic test for bronchiectasis?
high resolution CT scan
what is the leading cause of sentinel events?
suboptimal teamwork
