dec 1 Flashcards
most common cause of unilateral nipple discharge?
Papillary tumour (intraductal papilloma)
empiric treatment of chlamydia and gonorrhea?
Azithromycin + cerftriaxone
why does kidney engorgement occur in pregnancy?
- there is increase in maternal blood filtering
- progesterone also causes ureteral dilation and decreased peristalsis and the uterus can partially block it
treatment of physiologic hydronephrosis of pregnancy?
none - reassurance
what ovarian tumour secretes estrogen?
Granulosa cell tumour
Causes of increased maternal serum alpha fetal protein?
- open neural tube defects
- ventral wall defects
- multiple gestation
Causes of decreased maternal serum alpha fetal protein?
-aneuploidies
Treatment for acute cervicitis ?
azithromycin + ceftriaxone
Treatment for post-partum endometritis?
gentamicin + ceftriaxone
Management of intraamniotic infection?
Antiobiotics and immediate delivery
what is lochia?
the fluid that is dischraged from the vagina after childbirth
describe normal lochia?
Lochia rubra (day 0-4) = dark/red - bloody w small clots Lochia Serosa (day 4-14) = serosanginous - pink or brownish - slowly decreases Lochia alba = white/yellow; creamy; light in quantitiy
what are the genitourinary symptoms of menopause?
- vulvar dryness
- dyspareunia
- vaginal bleeding
- urinary incontinence and reccurrent UTIs
- pelvic pressure
what causes the urinary incontinence that can occur with menopause?
-decreased collagen, elasticity and blood flow to the bladder trigone-> urogenital atrophy
clinical features of sheehan syndrome?
- lactation failure
- amenorhhea, hot flashes, vaginal atrophy
- fatigue and bradycardia
- anorexia, weight loss
- decreasd lean body mass
