jan 20 Flashcards

1
Q

unilateral cervical lymphadenitis is most likely…

A

bacterial

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2
Q

bilateral cervical lymphadenitis is most likely…

A

viral

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3
Q

most common causes of unilateral cervical lymphadenitis in children?

A

S aureus

S pyogenes

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4
Q

clinical features of a glucagonoma?

A
  • weight loss
  • necrolytic migratory erythema
  • diabetes mellitis/hyperglycemia
  • GI symptoms - diarrhea, anorhexia, etc.
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5
Q

is whole blood transfusion commonly performed?

A

NO - not unless there is massive blood loss

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6
Q

A patient with acute splenic sequesteration crisis should and severe anemia and thrombocytopenia should receive…

A

IV fluids and packed red blood cell transfusion

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7
Q

silver-grey plaques on the bulbar conjunctiva =

A

bitot spots - vit A deficiency

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8
Q

first line treatment of diffuse esophageal spasm?

A

Ca channel blockers

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9
Q

treatment of strabismus?

A
  • strengthen deviated eye (patch on the good eye)
  • correct refractive errors (contacts/glasses)
  • surgery
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10
Q

clinical features of microscopic colitis?

A
  • watery, nonbloody diarrhea, fecal urgency and incontinence

- weight loss, fatigue, abdominal pain, arthralgias

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11
Q

conoloscopy gross findings of microscopic colitis?

A

normal

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12
Q

biopsy findings of microscopic colitis?

A

mononuclear cellular infiltrate into the lamina propria

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13
Q

triggers for microscopic colitis?

A

smoking, medications (NSAIDs, PPIs, SSRIs)

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14
Q

management of microscopic colitis?

A
  • remove triggers

- antidiarrheal medications and budenoside

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15
Q

epleronone MOA

A

aldosterone antagonist

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16
Q

internal carotid artery dissection is a common cause of stroke in….

A

young patients

17
Q

clinical presentation of carotid artery dissection?

A
  • unilateral head and neck pain, transient vision loss
  • ipsilateral partial horner syndrome
  • signs of cerebral ischemia
18
Q

etiology of carotid artery dissection?

A
  • may occur after trauma

- underlying conditions: HTN, smoking

19
Q

management of subacute or chronic lower back pain?

A
  • intermittent NSAID use
  • exercise therapy - stretch/strengthen back
  • can considers TCAs
20
Q

MRI findings of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathty?

A

-asymmetric white matter lesions - no enhancement or edema

21
Q

cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathty?

22
Q

MRI findings of cerebral toxoplasmosis?

A

ring enhancing lesions WITH edema

23
Q

what can trigger myasthenia gravis?

A

Medications

Physiologic stress: Surgery, pregnancy, infection

24
Q

ice pack test findings in myasthenia gravis?

A

an ice pack applied to the eyelids for several minutes temporarily improves ptosis (due to decreased Ach breakdown)

25
anti-glomerular basement membrane disease =
goodpasture syndrome
26
path of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
antibodies against type IV collagen
27
can aspirin tablets be visualized on xray?
no
28
can iron tablets be visualized on xray?
yes
29
presentation of iron poisoning?
abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, bleeding (hematemesis, melana ->hypovolemic shock)
30
treatment of iron poisoning?
IV deferoxamine chelation
31
proximal muscle weakness is a symptom of hyperthyroid TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
32
why may hyperbilirubinemia be present in B12 deficiency?
high numbers of immature megaloblasts are produced and undergo intramedullary hemolysis
33
physical features of fragile X syndrome?
- prominent forehead - large ears - long, narrow face - prominent chin - macrorchidism
34
management of TTP?
- plasma exchange - glucocorticoids - rituximab
35
how does plasma exchange help treat TTP?
-replenishes the ADAMST13 and removes autoantibodies