jan 11 2021 Flashcards
what is the strongest risk factor for acute aortic dissection?
hypertension
treatment of a baby with congenital syphilis?
Penicillin - to prevent later manifestations of the disease
presentation of HIV in infancy?
- failure to thrive
- chronic diarrhea
- lymphadenopathy
- pneumocystitis pneumonia
what is laryngomalacia?
collapse of supraglottic tissue on inspiration
clinical presentatino of laryngomalacia?
- inspiratory stridor that worsens when supine
- peaks at 4-8 months
diagnosis of laryngomalacia?
laryngoscopy (flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy)
laryngoscopy findings in laryngomalacia?
-omega shaped epiglottis and collapse of supraglottic tissue during inspiration
myelomeningocele is associatd wtih…
chiari malformation II
treatment of mild croup
humidified air + one dose of corticosteroid
treatment of moderate/severe croup
corticosteroids + nebulized epinephrine
what is seen on imaging of tuberculosis meningitis?
basilar meningeal enhancement + hydrocephalus
clinical features of primary adrenal insufficiency?
-fatigue, anorexia, weight loss
-nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
-postural hypotension, salt craving
-hyperpigmentation
Acute adrenal crisis: shock, confusion/hypotension
lab findings of primary adrenal insufficiency?
- hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, eosinophilia
- low morning cortisol, high ACTH
treatment of acute dystonia?
IV anticholinergics (benztropine, trihyexyphenidyl)
presentation of cryptococcus neoformans infection
-headaches, nauseau/vomiting, confusion, abducens nerve palsy, scattered umbilicated skin lesions
what is a gamma gap?
difference between total protein and albumin
what is waldenstorms macroglobulinemia
B-cell malignancy with excessive production of igM
screening for waldenstorms macroglobulinemia
serum protein electrophoresis
manifestations of waldenstorms macroglobulinemia
- hyperviscosity syndrome
- neuropathy
- bleeding
- hepatosplenomegaly
- lympadenopathy
lab findings in hyperigM syndrome?
- normal B cells
- low igG and igA
- high igM
lab findings in x-linked agammaglobulinemia
- decreased or absent b cells
- decreased immunoglobulins
patients on metformin may develop a ___ deficiency
B12
the most common cause of stent thrombosis?
poor adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy
features of gaucher disease?
- severe splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
- anemia, thrombocytopenia
- bony pain
- failure to thrive, delayed puberty
what is deficient in gaucher disease?
glucocerebrosidase
CMV retinitis presentation
progressive blurred vision, floaters, photopsia
fundoscopy findings of CMV
yellow-white, fluffly, hemorhagic lesions adjacent to the fovea and retinal vesseles
what drugs improve longtime survival in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, mineralocorticoids receptor antagonists
what is epleronone?
a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
is the pharyngitis caused by mono exudative or non-exudative
exudative
what is transverse myelitis
-immune-mediated disorder characterised by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into a segment of the spinal cord -> neuronal death and oligodendrocyte death and demyleination
presentation of transvere myelitis?
- rapidly progressive myelopathy that is characterized by:
- motor weakness
- autonomic dysfunction
- sensory dysfunction
diagnostic findings of infectious mononucleousis?
- positive herteophile antibody
- atypical lymphocytosis
- transient hepatitis
how is CMV spread?
body fluids (urine, saliva)
treatmnet of TCA overdose?
Na Bicarbonate
most imporant lifestyle recommendation to improve hypertension in a normal weight patient?
DASH diet
